KEY TO THE SPECIES

1Leaves linear (leaf index 6)
1'Leaves broader (leaf index less than 4).
2Leaves shorter than 5 cm.
2'Leaves longer than 5 cm.
3Leaves coriaceous, apex obtuse or retuse (Vogelkop Peninsula)
3'Leaves membranaceous, tapering to a long apiculum (Sepik region)
4Inflorescence shorter than, or little exceeding the petiole (c. 2 cm or less).
4'Inflorescence considerably longer than the petiole (3 cm or usually much longer).
5Stems greatly expanded at the nodes (usually inhabited by ants).
5'Stems not markedly expanded at the nodes.
6Leaves sessile, amplexicaul, margin strongly and sharply dentate (E. Papua New Guinea)
6'Leaves petiolate, base cuneate or truncate, margin entire.
7Leaves broadly ovate (Moluccas)
7'Leaves elliptic-oblong (S. Papua New Guinea)
8Inflorescence pubescent (young shoots also pubescent and hairs ± persisting on mature foliage).
8'Inflorescence and mature foliage glabrous (buds and young foliage sometimes pubescent).
9Leaves stiffly chartaceous, teeth sharply spinulose, often ± bullate (Western Highlands Prov.)
9'Leaves softly chartaceous, dentations not spinulose.
10Leaves bullate (Morobe Prov.)
10'Leaves flat.
11Female receptacle and pedicel bearing several pairs of acute imbricating bracts (Moluccas)
11'Female receptacle and pedicel without bracts (or at most small bracts widely spaced) (New Guinea).
12Pubescence of fine, pale, appressed hairs (SE. Papua New Guinea)
12'Pubescence of loose, curled, brownish hairs (Vogelkop Peninsula)
13Leaf blade larger than 10 cm.
13'Leaf blade shorter than 8 cm.
14Leaf margin entire (Normanby I.)
14'Leaf margin dentate.
15Leaf margin spinulose-dentate (Vogelkop Peninsula)
15'Leaf margin serrate.
16Leaf base tapering to the petiole, blade narrowly obovate (Rossel I.)
16'Leaf base broadly cuneate, blade oblong-elliptic (Vogelkop Peninsula)
17Leaf apex with a slender apiculum (Eastern Highlands Prov.)
17'Leaf apex acute or obtuse, without an apiculum (Mt Shungol, Morobe Prov.)
18Inflorescence with the lateral branches crowded on a short peduncle
18'Inflorescence a simple or branched cyme with evident internodes separating the branches.
19Leaf blade small, membranaceous (usually under 10 by 3 cm). Inflorescence branches very slender (Torricelli Mts)
19'Leaf blade larger (usually over 10 cm long, if not, then coriaceous).
20Male flowers racemosely arranged along the inflorescence branches
20'Male flowers cymosely arranged or solitary.
21Flowers 6 mm long at anthesis or longer, densely pubescent (Eastern Highlands & Morobe Prov.)
21'Flowers less than 5 mm long (or if 6 mm, then glabrous).
22Leaf margin dentate.
22'Leaf margin entire (occasionally some leaves with few teeth near apex).
23Stems greatly expanded at the nodes (usually inhabited by ants) (Central Prov.)
23'Stems not markedly expanded at the nodes.
24Dentations of leaf margin sharply spinulose
24'Dentations of leaf margin not spinulose.
25Pedicels strong.
25'Pedicels delicate.
26Underside of mature leaf pubescent. Inflorescence a few-flowered cyme (Southern Highlands & Milne Bay Prov.)
26'Underside of mature leaf glabrous or, if pubescent, inflorescence ± paniculate.
27Leaf blade usually broadly elliptic-ovate, more than 10 cm long, rounded to broadly cuneate base. Pedicels rigid (throughout Malesia)
27'Leaf blade usually elliptic, usually less than 10 cm long, base cuneate. Pedicels less rigid (SE. Papua New Guinea)
28Inflorescence of simple pleiochasia. Outer stamens inserted at widest part of the receptacle (Star Mts, Telefomin region)
28'Inflorescence of paniculate cymes. Stamens inserted near base of the receptacle (NW. Irian Jaya)
29Undersurface of mature leaf pubescent.
29'Undersurface of mature leaf glabrous.
30Pubescence on inflorescence soft, not closely appressed (Southern Highlands & Milne Bay Prov.)
30'Pubescence on inflorescence stiffly appressed.
31Leaves acuminate, usually broadly elliptic (throughout Malesia)
31'Leaves obtuse, usually narrowly elliptic (Sabah, Celebes, Philippines, Biak I.)
32Leaves stiffly coriaceous, broadly elliptic to subrotund (New Guinea highlands)
32'Leaves not as above.
33Inflorescence pubescent.
33'Inflorescence glabrous (young inflorescence ± setulose in K. sleumeri).
34Leaves acuminate, usually broadly elliptic (throughout Malesia)
34'Leaves obtuse, usually narrowly elliptic (Sabah, Celebes, Philippines, Biak I.)
35Pedicels of male flowers elongated (20-45 mm).
35'Pedicels of male flowers shorter than 20 mm.
36Male flowers in separate inflorescences (Irian Jaya)
36'Male flowers on lower branches of inflorescences.
37Leaf narrowly elliptic (Chimbu Prov.)
37'Leaf broadly elliptic or elliptic (Morobe & Central Prov.)
38Pedicels of female flowers noticeable thickened for c. 10 mm below the receptacle (New Britain, New Ireland)
38'Pedicels of female flowers not strikingly thickened.
39Male receptacle 4-6 mm long; anthers kidney-shaped. Leaf rigidly coriaceous.
39'Male receptacle 1.5-2.5 mm long; anthers triangular. Leaf not rigidly coriaceous.
40Leaf oblong, apex rounded or retuse with a minute mucro, often 3-whorled (Western Prov., also in Queensland)
40'Leaf narrowly elliptic, apiculate, opposite (Sudest I.)
41Leaves oblong, apex and base rounded (Vogelkop Peninsula)
41'Leaves elliptic.
42Leaves membranaceous (Sepik region)
42'Leaver firmly herbaceous or chartaceous (SE. Papua New Guinea).