| 1 | Leaves finely bullate, densely hairy beneath, at least on the veins. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, rounded at apex, not ribbed. — Widespread |
| 1' | Leaves not bullate, thinly hairy or subglabrous beneath. Fruit ellipsoid-fusiform, narrowed at apex, distinctly or faintly ribbed, or not ribbed |
| 2 | Male bracts cuneate or rounded at base, sessile, without glands. Sepals entire or rarely ± lobed. Male flowers in raceme pedicellate, pedicels persistent. Fruit ribbed. — Widespread |
| 2' | Male bracts narrowly cuneate at base, sub sessile or short-stipitate, with scattered glands below. Sepals deeply lobed. Male flowers in raceme sessile. Fruit not ribbed. — East Malesia |
