Xyris jupicai

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Xyris jupicai

Content

<<<<<Scapes>Spikes>Bracts>Floral bracts>Shape>Length

5-7 mm1
1. 003-004-003-002-001-001

<<<<Scapes>Spikes>Bracts>Floral bracts>Shape

obovate to ovate, , apically rounded to subacute, mostly entire, convex, ecarinate, dorsal area evident2
2. 003-004-003-002-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Texture

smooth3
3. 002-004-003-001

<<<Scapes>Spikes>Bracts>Empty bracts

lowest ones empty, grading larger into the flowering ones4
4. 003-004-003-001

<<<Scapes>Spikes>Bracts>Floral bracts

these5
5. 003-004-003-002

<<Capsules>Seeds>Colour

pale amber6
6. 005-003-003

<<Capsules>Seeds>Length

0.4-0.5 mm7
7. 005-003-002

<<Capsules>Seeds>Shape

broadly ellipsoid8
8. 005-003-001

<<Lateral sepals>Keel>Hairs

lacerate from middle to apex9
9. 004-002-001

<<Lateral sepals>Petals>Length

3-5 mm10
10. 004-003-002

<<Lateral sepals>Petals>Shape

broadly obovate11
11. 004-003-001

<<Lateral sepals>Staminodes>Shape

bearded12
12. 004-004-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Margins

margins mostly thin, or papillose.13
13. 002-004-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Shape

flattened14
14. 002-004-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Width

2-10 mm wide15
15. 002-004-002

<<Leaves>Sheaths>Ligula

with or without a short ligule16
16. 002-003-002

<<Leaves>Sheaths>Relative dimensions

sheath often as long as blade17
17. 002-003-001

<<Scapes>Ribs>Texture

usually papillose-tuberculate18
18. 003-003-001

<<Scapes>Shape>Width

1-1.5 mm wide19
19. 003-001-001

<<Scapes>Spikes>Bracts

bracts many in a spiral, , .20
20. 003-004-003

<<Scapes>Spikes>Length

0.5-1.5 (-2.5) cm21
21. 003-004-002

<<Scapes>Spikes>Shape

ovoid to short-cylindric22
22. 003-004-001

<Capsules>Length

3-4 mm long23
23. 005-001

<Capsules>Placentation

placentation parietal24
24. 005-002

<Capsules>Seeds

seeds , , .25
25. 005-003

<Habit>Height

10-100 cm high26
26. 001-001

<Habit>Stems

stems short.27
27. 001-002

<Lateral sepals>Anthers

anthers ca.1.5 mm.28
28. 004-005

<Lateral sepals>Keel

keel broad,29
29. 004-002

<Lateral sepals>Length

3-7 mm30
30. 004-001

<Lateral sepals>Petals

petals , ;31
31. 004-003

<Lateral sepals>Staminodes

staminodes ;32
32. 004-004

<Leaves>Blade

blades , ,33
33. 002-004

<Leaves>Growth form

erect or in a fan34
34. 002-001

<Leaves>Length

10-60 cm35
35. 002-002

<Leaves>Sheaths

, entire,36
36. 002-003

<Scapes>Rib number

1-2-ribbed37
37. 003-002

<Scapes>Ribs

ribs strong,38
38. 003-003

<Scapes>Shape

distally terete or oval, , multistriate39
39. 003-001

<Scapes>Spikes

spikes , ,40
40. 003-004

Capsules

Capsule , ;41
41. 005

Description

Smooth, often cespitose, annual or short-lived perennial, 10-100 cm high; stems short. Leaves erect or in a fan, 10-60 cm, sheath often as long as blade, entire, with or without a short ligule; blades flattened, 2-10 mm wide, margins mostly thin, smooth or papillose. Scapes distally terete or oval, 1-1.5 mm wide, multistriate and 1-2-ribbed, ribs strong, usually papillose-tuberculate; spikes ovoid to short-cylindric, 0.5-1.5 (-2.5) cm, bracts many in a spiral, lowest ones empty, grading larger into the flowering ones, these obovate to ovate, 5-7 mm, apically rounded to subacute, mostly entire, convex, ecarinate, dorsal area evident. Lateral sepals equilateral, narrow, slightly curved, 3-7 mm, keel broad, lacerate from middle to apex; petals broadly obovate, 3-5 mm; staminodes bearded; anthers ca.1.5 mm. Capsule 3-4 mm long, placentation parietal; seeds broadly ellipsoid, 0.4-0.5 mm, pale amber.

Distribution

Andean Colombia present, Andes present, Argentina present, French Guiana present, South America present present, Trinidad present, in North America through the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain into adjacent provinces present
In South America from Andean Colombia eastward to French Guiana and Trinidad, and southward through South America E of the Andes to Argentina; in North America through the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain into adjacent provinces.

Habit

Smooth, often cespitose, annual or short-lived perennial, ;42
42. 001

Individuals Association

Montagne des Chevaux, S of Cayenne, Harley et al. 24766 Suriname, Forest of Zanderij, Samuels 257 Montagne de Kaw, environs du Camp Caiman, Cremers 5775 Suriname, Wilhelmina Mts., Zuid R., 3.5 km E of Kayser Airstrip, Irwin et al. 55266 Guyana, de la Cruz 1880 Guyana, Kanuku Mts., Rupununi R. near Witarum Falls, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 59

Lateral sepals

Lateral sepals equilateral, narrow, slightly curved, , ;43
43. 004

Leaves

Leaves , , ;44
44. 002

Notes

This is morphologically and ecologically the most variable Xyris in the New World, being adapted to wide ranges of substrate and soil aci- dity. It is thus one of the truly weedy xyrids, coming abundantly around artificial bodies of water, along ditches and in moist fields and wet pasture. It is nearest both in form and ecology to the only slightly less weedy X. laxifolia, and unfortunately many collectors sample both under the same number; thus both species end up on the same herbarium sheet. This is even true of some of the type material of both species, and this has led to various interpretations of said types. X. jupicai, however, tends to be annual, more slender, is lower, its bases stramineous or greenish, its scape ribs papillose distally, its spikes range smaller, its seeds shorter, of broader outline, are translucent. Thus where mixed populations are found, X. laxifolia stands out as coarser, taller, usually with red or purple pigmentation, reddening the plant base and darkening the green of the leaf blades, with broader, longer, smoother scapes, larger and darker spikes; its seeds are longer and narrower in outline, and usually farinose.

Scapes

Scapes and , ;45
45. 003