Sulawesi Begonia v20160311

1Leaves palmately compound
1'Leaves simple, sometimes lobed or pinnatisect
2Robust plants up to c.100 cm in height; moderately to densely hairy on all above-ground vegetative parts; female inflorescence 2-flowered; pedicel of the fruits long (16-19 mm); wings of the fruits unequal with one wing much larger than the other two
2'Small, delicate plants, to c.40 cm in height; glabrous except for microscopic glandular hairs; female flowers solitary; pedicels of the fruits very short (c.1 mm); wings of the fruits subequal
3Leaves pinnatisect to bipinnatisect
3'Leaves entire or when lobed then maximally halfway to the midrib
4Leaves peltate (some leaves, especially the subtending leaves of the inflorescences, sometimes with basifixed laminas)
4'Leaf laminas basifixed
5Ovaries and fruits wingless, fruits > 4 cm long
5'Ovaries and fruits with well-developed wings, fruits < 3 cm long
6Leaf lamina c. 7-11 cm wide; male inflorescence composed of compressed monochasial partial inflorescences; tepals of male flowers 11-17 mm broad; androecium of more than 60 stamens
6'Leaf lamina c. 3-7 cm; male inflorescences dichasial or with dichasial branching in the basal part and monochasial branching in the distal part, with well developed internodes; androecium of c. 25-30 stamens
7Female inflorescences or partial infloresences 1- or 2-flowered, separated from the male inflorescences or inflorescence parts by at least one internode
7'Female and male flowers occurring together in mixed cymose inflorescences with > 2 female flowers
8Plants with swollen underground organs consisting of one to several tuberous units up to 3.1 cm long and 1.1 cm thick; filaments of the stamens fused into a short filament column
8'Plants without tuberous underground organs; filaments free or only fused at the very base
9Plants creeping or decumbent, < 25 cm in height
9'Plants erect, or if decumbent or arching > 25 cm in height
10Ab- and adaxial leaf surfaces with long, erect trichomes; plant rhizomatous
10'Ab- and axial leaf surafce glabrous, or abaxial surface with sparse strigose indumentum; plants creeping or decumbent, not rhizomatous
11Leaf margin unevenly dentate; pedicels of fruits > 10 mm
11'Leaf margin shallowly lobed; pedicels of fruits < 10 mm
12Stems and nerves of abaxial leaf surface with microscopic glandular hairs and macroscopic trichomes; SE Arm of Sulawesi
12'Stems and leaves glabrous except for microscopic glandular hairs; N arm of Sulawesi
13Leaf margin distantly dentate and unevenly repand
13'Leaf margin serrate to biserrate or dentate to bidentate, sometimes shallowly lobed (up to c.50% of the lamina width)
14Petioles short (up to 10 mm), leaves long and narrow (c. 5-12 x 1.5-3.1 cm, length/width ratio > 3:1)
14'Petioles usually longer than 10 mm; leaf length/width ratio < 3:1
15Male inflorescences showing dichasial or monochasial branching with at least the basal internodes > 1 mm long
15'Male inflorescences subumbellate, i.e. consisting of strongly compressed cymes with internodes < 1mm long
16Female flowers with 4 subequal tepals
16'Female flowers with 5 unequal tepals
17Male flowers with (3-)4 tepals
17'Male flower with 2 tepals
18Wings of ovary and fruits < 6 mm at the widest point
18'Wings of ovary and fruits > 6 mm at the widest point
19Capsules 13-22 mm long
19'Capsules < 12 mm long
20Leaves c. 7-11 x 3-6 cm, margin irregularlly dentate to serrate
20'Leaves 4.9-6.6 x 1.8-3 cm, margin irregularly incised up to c. halfway to the midrib
21Leaf lamina irregularly incised up to almost halfway to the midrib; tepals of male flowers c. 5 x 5 mm
21'Leaf lamina margin not or only shallowly incised; tepals of male flowers larger than 5 x 5 mm
22Leaves up to 7 cm long; male inflorescences few-flowered (< 6 flowers)
22'Larger leaves > 7 cm long; male inflorescences usu. many-flowered (> 8 flowers)
23Peduncles of female inflorescences > 20 mm
23'Peduncles of female inflorescences < 15 mm
24Ovary covered by large bracteoles
24'Ovary not covered by bracteoles
25Tepals of male flowers up to 7 mm long; peduncles of female inflorescences very short (< 2 mm)
25'Tepals of male flowers > 7 mm long; peduncles of female inflorescences > 3 mm long
26Tepals of male flowers ca. 12 x 12 mm, apex slightly pointed; pedicels of female flowers and fruits ca. 12 mm long
26'Tepals of male flowers ca. 9-16 x 13-21 mm, apex rounded; pedicels of female flowers and fruits up to 7 mm long
27Male cymose inflorescences with 2(-3) flowers; leaf laminas < 7 cm long
27'Male cymose inflorescences with more than 3 flowers; larger leaves > 7 cm long
28Peduncle of compressed, cymose male inflorescences up to 5 mm long
28'Peduncles of cymose male inflorescences > 5 mm long
29Plants with macroscopic multicellular hairs on the stems and nerves of the abaxial leaf surfaces
29'Plant glabrous except for microscopic glandular hairs
30Petiole 2-5 cm long; leaf lamina 6-14 × 3-7 cm
30'Petiole 10-24 cm long; leaf lamina 12–24 × 7–15 cm
31Ovaries and fruits with multicellular trichomes each with a conspicuously broad, bulbous base narrowing into a fine extended tip
31'Ovaries and fruits glabrous or when with multicellular trichomes, then trichomes without conspicuously broad bulbous base
32Vegetative organs glabrous except for a sparse indumentum of microscopic glandular hairs
32'Above-ground vegetative organs with a sparse to dense indumentum of macroscopically visible multicellular simple trichomes
33Number of stamens < 40
33'Number of stamens > 40
34Small erect herbs < 30 cm in height; tepals of female flowers < 14 mm long
34'Tall erect herbs or soft-wooded shrubs < 40 cm in height; tepals of female flowers 18-27 mm long
35Compressed subumbellate male partial inflorescences with > 8 flowers, composed of 3-5 compressed monochasia, each with 3-5 flowers; tepals of the female flowers often irregularly serrate at the apex; leaf lamina margin biserrate
35'Compressed subumbellate male partial inflorescences with < 8 flowers, composed of 2 compressed monochasia, each with 1-3 flowers; tepals of the female flowers with entire margins; leaf lamina margin biserrate to shallowly lobed (up to c.25% to the midrib)
36Peduncles of female inflorescence > 11 mm
36'Peduncles of female inflorescences (sometimes reduced to a single flower) < 8 mm
37Margins of the tepals of the female flowers irregularly serrate at apices; pedicels of fruits erect
37'Margins of the tepals of the female flowers entire; pedicels of fruits apically strongly deflexed
38Tepals of female flowers 15-32 mm long; leaf lamina < 5 cm in width
38'Tepals of female flowers < 15 mm long, or when slightly longer (B. sphenocarpa) then larger leaves > 5 cm in width
39Petioles glabrous or very sparsely hairy with macroscopically visible multicellular hairs; teeth of the leaf lamina not extended into fine bristles
39'Petioles densely hairy with macroscopically visible multicellular hairs; teeth of the leaf lamina extended into fine bristles
40Ovary wings not hairy at the margins; leaves 5-8 × 3-4.5 cm
40'Ovary wings hairy at the margins; leaves 7-21.5 × 5-12.5 cm
41Leaf margin serrate; fruits < 15 mm long; tepals of female flowers 10-12 mm long
41'Leaf margin biserrate; fruits > 18 mm long; tepals of female flowers 12-17 mm long
42Fruits dehiscent, three wings well developed along the whole length of the fruit
42'Fruits fleshy and indehiscent, wings strongy reduced and not all three wings fully developed along the whole length of the fuits
43Leaves oblong-lanceolate
43'Leaves broadly ovate
44Plant glabrous
44'Plant hairy