| 1 | Glands present between veins on upper surface of pinnae. |
| 1' | Glands lacking or rare on upper surface of pinnae. |
| 2 | Six or more pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced |
| 2' | Transition to reduced basal pinnae (if any) abrupt or subabrupt. |
| 3 | Sori elongate. |
| 3' | Sori not elongate. |
| 4 | No basal reduced pinnae |
| 4' | Basal reduced pinnae present. |
| 5 | Middle pinnae sessile |
| 5' | Middle pinnae with stalks 3-10 mm long |
| 6 | Sori exindusiate. |
| 6' | Sori indusiate. |
| 7 | Basal veins quite free |
| 7' | Basal veins anastomosing. |
| 8 | Pinnae to 10 x 1.5 cm; reduced pinnae at least 5 pairs |
| 8' | Pinnae to 21 x 2.5 cm; reduced pinnae 2-3 pairs |
| 9 | Reduced pinnae c. 30 pairs |
| 9' | Reduced pinnae rarely more than 12 pairs. |
| 10 | Lower surface of rachis and costae quite glabrous, or with very short hairs on costae only. |
| 10' | Hairs present throughout lower surface of rachis and costae. |
| 11 | Fronds dimorphous; reduced pinnae all minute |
| 11' | Fronds not dimorphous; reduced pinnae conspicuous |
| 12 | Sporangia copiously setiferous, rarely also with a gland. |
| 12' | Sporangia usually bearing glands, sometimes with 1-2 setae. |
| 13 | Pinnae c. 7 pairs, to 13 x 2.7 cm |
| 13' | Pinnae, if only 7 pairs, much smaller. |
| 14 | One pair of veins anastomosing, next pair to sinus-membrane. |
| 14' | 1½-2 pairs anastomosing, pairs to sinus-membrane. |
| 15 | Reduced pinnae 0-3 pairs. |
| 15' | Reduced pinnae on well-grown plants at least 5 pairs. |
| 16 | Pinnae not more than 10 pairs, reduced ones usually lacking. |
| 16' | Pinnae at least 20 pairs, reduced ones always present. |
| 17 | Pinnae lobed not more than half-way to costa |
| 17' | Pinnae lobed fully |
| 18 | Pinnae not more than 4 cm wide, their lobes not acute. |
| 18' | Pinnae to 7 cm wide, deeply lobed, lobes narrowly acute |
| 19 | Pinnae crenate to subentire. |
| 19' | Pinnae lobed at least 3 towards costa. |
| 20 | Pinnae subentire; sinus-membrane hardly detectable |
| 20' | Pinnae crenate, at least distally; sinus-membrane evident. |
| 21 | Pinnae to 3.5 x 1.0 cm; reduced pinnae all very small |
| 21' | Pinnae (at least sterile ones) to 7 cm or more long, upper reduced pinnae at least 7 mm long. |
| 22 | Pinnae to 12-15 cm long; sinus-membrane distally widened and translucent. |
| 22' | Pinnae to 8 cm lon^; sinus-membrane distally not widened nor translucent |
| 23 | Bases of pinnae cuneate, not auricled nor dilated; costules at 45° to costa |
| 23' | Bases of pinnae truncate, lower ones auricled and dilated; costules at c. 60° to costa |
| 24 | Aerophores elongate |
| 24' | Aerophores not elongate. |
| 25 | Bases of pinnae, at least lower ones, dilated both sides. |
| 25' | Bases of pinnae not dilated. |
| 26 | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae erect, to 1 mm long on sterile fronds |
| 26' | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae shorter, antrorse or appressed |
| 27 | Only 1 pair of veins truly anastomosing, second acroscopic vein sometimes touching sinus-membrane. |
| 27' | At least 12 pairs of veins truly anastomosing and 1 vein touching sinus-membrane. |
| 28 | Basal pinnae much narrowed at their bases |
| 28' | Basal pinnae not or little narrowed at their bases. |
| 29 | Reduced pinnae all very small |
| 29' | Reduced pinnae to 1.5 cm or more long. |
| 30 | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae less than 0.1 mm long; no setae on sporangia |
| 30' | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae 0.2 mm or more long; sporangia setiferous |
| 31 | Pinnae lobed 4 towards costa, lower ones auricled on acroscopic base |
| 31' | Pinnae lobed not over I, lower ones not auricled. |
| 32 | Pinnae lobed fully 2, widest in distal half |
| 32' | Pinnae in most cases lobed less than 2, not widened distally. |
| 33 | Fertile pinnae little more than 2 cm wide; 14-21 pairs of veins truly anastomosing. |
| 33' | Fertile pinnae commonly 2.5-3.0 cm wide; 3-31 pairs of veins truly anastomosing |
| 34 | Reduced pinnae 3-5 pairs, all very small |
| 34' | Reduced pinnae commonly 8 pairs or more, upper ones at least 1 x 1 cm, rounded |
| 35 | Glands present on lower surface of pinnae between veins. |
| 35' | Glands between veins on lower surface of pinnae lacking. |
| 36 | Pinnae 2-4 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, subentire, several lower pairs gradually reduced |
| 36' | Pinnae, if subentire, much wider; transition to reduced basal pinnae ± abrupt. |
| 37 | Sporangia bearing several setae, sometimes also a gland. |
| 37' | Sporangia in most cases bearing glands, sometimes a seta with the glands. |
| 38 | Normal pinnae 3-4 pairs, 11 x 4 cm or larger; reduced pinnae 12-15 pairs |
| 38' | Normal pinnae more numerous or smaller. |
| 39 | Pinnae opposite, 6-7 pairs, 10 x 2.7 cm or larger |
| 39' | Not this combination of characters. |
| 40 | Sori exindusiate. |
| 40' | Sori indusiate. |
| 41 | Pinnae c. 12 x 1.5 cm, lobed over 1/2, reduced pinnae 15 pairs. |
| 41' | Pinnae c. 6 x 1.8 cm, lobed less than 1/2; reduced pinnae 2 pairs |
| 42 | Reduced pinnae 1-2 pairs, normal pinnae 2-4 pairs 3.5 cm long |
| 42' | Not this combination of characters. |
| 43 | Reduced pinnae at least 6 pairs; transition to large pinnae abrupt. |
| 43' | Reduced pinnae not more than 4 pairs, transition not abrupt. |
| 44 | Reduced pinnae 25-30 pairs |
| 44' | Reduced pinnae rarely more than 12 pairs. |
| 45 | Pinnae lobed conspicuously more than 1/2 way to costa. |
| 45' | Pinnae lobed about 1/2 or little more deeply. |
| 46 | Pinnae c. 12 pairs, 12.5 x 2.4 cm |
| 46' | Pinnae 25-30 pairs, proportionately narrower. |
| 47 | Pinnae to 21 x 2.5 cm |
| 47' | Pinnae to 16 x 1.5 cm |
| 48 | Reduced pinnae all small, to 3 mm long |
| 48' | Reduced pinnae all conspicuous |
| 49 | Texture rigid; pinna-lobes dentate at vein-ends |
| 49' | Texture thin; pinna-lobes entire |
| 50 | Pinnae subentire, very narrowly cuneate at basiscopic base |
| 50' | Pinnae otherwise. |
| 51 | Reduced pinnae 0-2(-3) pairs, small, irregularly spaced. |
| 51' | Reduced pinnae at least 4 pairs, regularly spaced; transition to normal pinnae gradual or abrupt. |
| 52 | Basal veins free |
| 52' | Basal veins anastomosing. |
| 53 | 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae 6-8 cm long and 1 pair very small |
| 53' | Normal pinnae several pairs. |
| 54 | Upper surface of pinnae bearing appressed hairs between veins. |
| 54' | Upper surface of pinnae lacking appressed hairs between veins. |
| 55 | Free pinnae 3-4 pairs below long apical lamina |
| 55' | Free pinnae more numerous; apical lamina not elongate. |
| 56 | Sterile pinnae not more than 3.5 x 1.2 cm. |
| 56' | Sterile pinnae to 8 x 1.8 cm |
| 57 | Hairs on lower surfaces all short and mostly appressed. |
| 57' | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae erect, to 1 mm long. |
| 58 | Pinnae 12-15 pairs, 3.5 cm long, symmetrically many-lobed. |
| 58' | Pinnae 5 pairs, c. 16 cm long, with few irregular lobes |
| 59 | Pinnae 7-10 x 1 cm |
| 59' | Pinnae not over 5.5 cm long, more than 1 cm wide. |
| 60 | Pinnae not dimorphous; apical lamina narrow, 10 cm long. |
| 60' | Pinnae dimorphous; apical lamina broadly triangular, shorter. |
| 61 | Aerophores distinctly elongate. |
| 61' | Aerophores not or slightly elongate. |
| 62 | Basal veins quite free, not meeting at sinus |
| 62' | Basal veins meeting at sinus, or anastomosing below it. |
| 63 | Pinnae entire or slightly crenate. |
| 63' | Pinnae distinctly lobed. |
| 64 | Pinnae c. 5x1 cm, distinctly crenate; transition to 15 pairs of reduced pinnae subabrupt |
| 64' | Pinnae larger, almost entire; 12 pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced |
| 65 | Appressed hairs present between veins on upper surface of pinnae. |
| 65' | No appressed hairs on upper surface between veins. |
| 66 | 12 pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced and 20 pairs of smaller ones |
| 66' | Subabrupt transition to reduced lower pinnae. |
| 67 | Pinnae lobed not or little more than 1/2 way to costa. |
| 67' | Pinnae lobed conspicuously more than ½ way to costa. |
| 68 | Reduced pinnae conspicuous, upper ones 1-3 cm long. |
| 68' | Reduced pinnae all very small. |
| 69 | Pinnae 12 x 1.6 to 20 x 2 cm, gradually acuminate; lower surface of costae glabrous or with sparse short hairs |
| 69' | Pinnae to 14x2.5 cm, abruptly short-acuminate; lower surface of costae densely covered with appressed hairs |
| 70 | Lower surface of rachis and costae almost glabrous |
| 70' | Lower surface of rachis and costae bearing hairs to 1 mm long. |
| 71 | Largest pinnae commonly 15-20 cm long; hairs on rachis pale. |
| 71' | Largest pinnae 7 x 1.5 cm; hairs on rachis brown |
| 72 | Hairs on lower surface of costules antrorsely appressed. |
| 72' | Hairs on lower surface of costules not antrorse. |
| 73 | Sori supramedial; pinnae to 2.5 cm wide. |
| 73' | Sori inframedial; pinnae to 1.5 cm wide |
| 74 | Basal normal pinnae not narrowed at base |
| 74' | Several pairs of lower pinnae much narrowed at their bases. |
| 75 | Reduced pinnae all conspicuous, lowest 5 mm long |
| 75' | Reduced pinnae all small, uppermost 5 mm long. |
| 76 | Dark hairs on both sides of rachis |
| 76' | Pallid hairs on both sides of rachis. |
| 77 | Lowest pinnae little narrowed at base; reduced pinnae evident. |
| 77' | Lower pinnae much narrowed at base; all reduced pinnae minute |
| 78 | Hairs on lower surface of costules copious, closely appressed. |
| 78' | Hairs on lower surface of costules short, not appressed. |
| 79 | Reduced pinnae all very small, basal normal pinnae narrowed at base. |
| 79' | Reduced pinnae conspicuous, many 10-15 mm long; basal normal pinnae not narrowed at base |
| 80 | Pinnae lobed less than ½ towards costa |
| 80' | Pinnae lobed about ¾ |
| 81 | Sori indusiate; sporangia glandular, rarely with a seta. |
| 81' | Sori exindusiate; neither glands nor setae on sporangia. |
| 82 | Lowest normal pinnae narrowed at base |
| 82' | Lowest normal pinnae not narrowed at base. |
| 83 | Pinnae thin, lobed to 2 mm from costa |
| 83' | Pinnae subcoriaceous, lobed little more than 1/2 |
| 84 | Basal veins both passing to sides of sinus-membrane or uniting just below it, not or rarely forming a distinct excurrent vein. |
| 84' | Basal veins uniting to form an excurrent vein, at least near base of pinna. |
| 85 | Reduced pinnae all with distinct lamina; costules 2.5 mm apart. |
| 85' | Reduced pinnae without distinct lamina; costules 4 mm apart. |
| 86 | Sori supramedial; caudex a long-creeping rhizome |
| 86' | Sori medial or inframedial; caudex not long-creeping. |
| 87 | Pinnae to 2.5 cm long; dark hairs on upper surface of rachis. |
| 87' | Not this combination of characters. |
| 88 | Lower surface of rachis glabrous or nearly so; hairs on lower surface of base of costae none or very short. |
| 88' | Lower surface of rachis and costae hairy throughout. |
| 89 | Reduced pinnae all very small. |
| 89' | Reduced pinnae: upper ones 1.5-2 cm long, lower gradually smaller. |
| 90 | Largest pinnae c. 6 cm long |
| 90' | Largest pinnae at least 10 cm long. |
| 91 | Fertile pinnae to 16x2 cm, lobed at most 5/8 |
| 91' | Fertile pinnae to 26 x 3 cm, lobed ¾ |
| 92 | Pinnae lobed to a depth of 2 mm |
| 92' | Pinnae lobed at least 1 way to costa |
| 93 | Pinnae crenate. |
| 93' | Pinnae distinctly lobed. |
| 94 | Pinnae not more than 4.5 x 1.4 cm; veins 4-5 pairs, 1-12 pairs anastomosing. |
| 94' | Sterile pinnae to 8 x 1.7 cm; 22 pairs of veins anastomosing; sinus-membrane very short |
| 95 | Pinnae 5-6 pairs |
| 95' | Pinnae 18 pairs |
| 96 | Fronds dimorphous; sterile pinnae to 25 x 3.5 cm. |
| 96' | Fronds not or little dimorphous, pinnae not over 2.5 cm wide. |
| 97 | Pinnae to 9.5 x 0.8-0.9 cm |
| 97' | Pinnae proportionately wider, to at least 1.5 cm wide. |
| 98 | Lowest normal pinnae much narrowed at base |
| 98' | Lowest normal pinnae not narrowed at base. |
| 99 | Hairs 1 mm long on lower surface of rachis and costae; indusia with long hairs. |
| 99' | Hairs in most cases less than 0.5 mm long on lower surface of rachis and costae; glands present on indusia. |
| 100 | Pinnae lobed less than ½ way to costa |
| 100' | Pinnae lobed more than ½ way to costa. |
| 101 | Reduced pinnae c. 5 pairs |
| 101' | Reduced pinnae many pairs |
| 102 | Lowest veins sometimes both touching sides of sinus-membrane; pinnae lobed ⅔-¾ |
| 102' | Lowest veins always anastomosing; pinnae lobed c. 3/5. |
| 103 | Pinnae rigid, lobes of larger ones toothed distally; reduced pinnae not over 8 pairs. |
| 103' | Pinnae thin, lobes not toothed; reduced pinnae 12-15 pairs. |
| 104 | Reduced pinnae 4-5 pairs; upper surface of pinnae bearing appressed hairs between veins |
| 104' | Reduced pinnae 8 pairs; upper surface of pinnae lacking appressed hairs |
| 105 | Hairs on lower surface of costae not appressed. |
| 105' | Lower surface of costae covered with closely appressed hairs |
| 106 | Hairs on lower surface of costae all very short. |
| 106' | Some hairs 0.5 mm or more long on lower surface of costae |
| 107 | Glands present on lower surface of costules and veins. |
| 107' | Glands lacking on lower surface of costules and veins. |
| 108 | Pinnae 3-4 pairs, to 1.1 x 0.5 cm, basal pinnae somewhat reduced. |
| 108' | Pinnae more numerous or larger, or several pairs reduced basal pinnae. |
| 109 | All pinnae with narrowly cuneate basiscopic base |
| 109' | Pinnae symmetrically broadly cuneate or truncate at base. |
| 110 | Few to many pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced. |
| 110' | Transition to reduced basal pinnae (if any) abrupt or nearly so. |
| 111 | Pinnae subentire to crenate. |
| 111' | Pinnae lobed 5-5 towards costa. |
| 112 | Pinnae to 3.5 x 1.0 cm; pinna-lobes with strongly reflexed edges. |
| 112' | Pinnae larger, edges of lobes not strongly reflexed. |
| 113 | Sporangia setiferous; 12-14 pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced. |
| 113' | Sporangia not setiferous; 4-5 pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced. |
| 114 | Sori exindusiate; lower surface of costae and costules glabrous |
| 114' | Sori indusiate; short hairs abundant on lower surface of rachis and costae |
| 115 | 1-4 pairs of basal pinnae gradually reduced |
| 115' | Many pairs of basal reduced pinnae. |
| 116 | 7-12 pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced with subabrupt change to 12 pairs much smaller |
| 116' | Similar transition but 2-6 pairs of small basal pinnae |
| 117 | Reduced pinnae 0-3 pairs. |
| 117' | Reduced pinnae at least 4 pairs. |
| 118 | Pinna-lobes strongly concave beneath |
| 118' | Pinnae-lobes not concave beneath. |
| 119 | Pinnae widened distally |
| 119' | Pinnae not widened distally. |
| 120 | Caudex short-creeping; pinnae lobed c. 5 towards costa. |
| 120' | Caudex slender, erect; pinnae crenate |
| 121 | Fronds not dimorphous; sori supramedial. |
| 121' | Fronds dimorphous; sori medial |
| 122 | Pinnae 3.5 x 1.4 cm, narrowed evenly to apex |
| 122' | Pinnae larger, abruptly short-acuminate |
| 123 | Aerophores elongate. |
| 123' | Aerophores not elongate. |
| 124 | Pinnae crenate. |
| 124' | Pinnae lobed at least 2/5 towards costa. |
| 125 | Hairs on lower surface of costae minute |
| 125' | Hairs on lower surface of costae appressed |
| 126 | Hairs on lower surface of costules appressed |
| 126' | Hairs on lower surface of costules not appressed. |
| 127 | Reduced pinnae 20-30 pairs; normal pinnae lobed less than 2 way to costa. |
| 127' | Reduced pinnae not more than 12 pairs; normal pinnae lobed 1/2 way to costa or more deeply. |
| 128 | Reduced pinnae acuminate |
| 128' | Reduced pinnae with rounded tips. |
| 129 | Pinnae lobed 4 to costa. |
| 129' | Pinnae lobed about 2 to costa. |
| 130 | Basal veins anastomosing; upper reduced pinnae 12 mm long. |
| 130' | Basal veins free; upper reduced pinnae 3 mm long. |
| 131 | Pinnae c. 6.5 x 1.3 cm, lowest narrowed at base; indusia glabrous |
| 131' | Pinnae c. 11x2 cm, lowest not narrowed at base; indusia bearing long hairs |
| 132 | Sori elongate |
| 132' | Sori not or little elongate. |
| 133 | Reduced pinnae c. 30 pairs, deflexed, overlapping. |
| 133' | Reduced pinnae not over 12 pairs, not overlapping. |
| 134 | Reduced pinnae acuminate; normal pinnae 20 cm long |
| 134' | Reduced pinnae with rounded tips; normal pinnae smaller. |
| 135 | Sori supramedial. |
| 135' | Sori not supramedial. |
| 136 | Pinnae lobed ¾, sporangia setiferous |
| 136' | Pinnae lobed less than ½; sporangia glandular |
| 137 | Pinnae lobed more than ½ |
| 137' | Pinnae crenate or lobed less than 1/2. |
| 138 | Sori indusiate; sporangia with glands. |
| 138' | Sori exindusiate; sporangia setiferous |
| 139 | Pinnae not over 1 cm wide; indusia very small or lacking. |
| 139' | Pinnae more than 1 cm wide; indusia all distinct. |
| 140 | Some hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae 1 mm or more long. |
| 140' | Hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae all very short. |
| 141 | Pinnae commonly more than 2 cm wide, crenate to a depth of 1 mm. |
| 141' | Pinnae to 1.7 cm wide, distinctly lobed |
| 142 | Apex of frond pinna-like, crenate to base |
| 142' | Apex of frond deeply lobed at base |
| 143 | Largest reduced pinnae 2 mm long |
| 143' | Largest reduced pinnae at least 7 mm long. |
| 144 | Sporangia not setiferous. |
| 144' | Sporangia setiferous |
| 145 | Pinnae opposite; caudex 40 cm tall |
| 145' | Pinnae not opposite; caudex suberect |
| 146 | Reduced pinnae c. 30 pairs. |
| 146' | Reduced pinnae much fewer. |
| 147 | Reduced pinnae acuminate |
| 147' | Reduced pinnae with rounded tips |
| 148 | Sporangia bearing glands (sometimes a seta also). |
| 148' | Sporangia lacking glands, in most cases bearing setae. |
| 149 | Hairs on lower surface of costules appressed. |
| 149' | Hairs on lower surface of costules not appressed. |
| 150 | Aerophores elongate. |
| 150' | Aerophores not elongate. |
| 151 | Several pairs of lower pinnae gradually reduced |
| 151' | Transition to reduced pinnae ± abrupt. |
| 152 | Upper reduced pinnae 12 mm, lowest 6 mm long |
| 152' | All reduced pinnae very short. |
| 153 | Pinnae lobed less than 1/2 |
| 153' | Pinnae lobed more than 1/2. |
| 154 | Indusia large, firm |
| 154' | Indusia small, thin. |
| 155 | Basal veins anastomosing, second acroscopic vein to sinus-membrane |
| 155' | Basal veins often connivent at sinus-membrane, next veins both to margin |
| 156 | Basal acroscopic vein ending beside sinus-membrane, basiscopic vein at margin above base of sinus. |
| 156' | Basal veins both touching sinus-membrane or uniting below it. |
| 157 | Pinnae 15-20 pairs; reduced pinnae 4-7 pairs |
| 157' | Pinnae to 30 pairs; reduced pinnae 2-3 pairs |
| 158 | Gradual transition to reduced pinnae at base of frond. |
| 158' | Abrupt transition to very small reduced pinnae |
| 159 | Indusia present |
| 159' | Indusia absent |
| 160 | Basal veins not connivent below sinus. |
| 160' | Basal veins connivent below sinus or uniting to form an excurrent vein. |
| 161 | Pinnae deeply lobed. |
| 161' | Pinnae almost entire |
| 162 | Pinnae to 3.6 x 1.0 cm; veins 3-4 pairs |
| 162' | Pinnae to 10 x 1.5 cm; veins 9-10 pairs |
| 163 | Pinnae to 4.2 x 1.1 cm; sori elongate with small indusia |
| 163' | Pinnae in most cases much larger; sori otherwise. |
| 164 | Ten or more pairs of basal pinnae gradually reduced. |
| 164' | Abrupt transition to reduced pinnae if present. |
| 165 | Pinna-margins sinuous or slightly crenate |
| 165' | Pinnae deeply lobed |
| 166 | Reduced pinnae 0-4 pairs on mature plants. |
| 166' | Reduced pinnae at least 6 pairs on mature plants. |
| 167 | Pinnae almost entire, 3.5 cm or more wide |
| 167' | Pinnae distinctly lobed, narrower. |
| 168 | Pinnae lobed more than 1/2 |
| 168' | Pinnae lobed less than 1/2 |
| 169 | Sori supramedial. |
| 169' | Sori medial or inframedial. |
| 170 | Caudex a long-creeping rhizome |
| 170' | Caudex short, erect |
| 171 | Pinnae crenate |
| 171' | Pinnae lobed at least 2/5. |
| 172 | Pinnae lobed more than 1/2 |
| 172' | Pinnae lobed less than 1/2 |
| 173 | Aerophores elongate. |
| 173' | Aerophores not elongate. |
| 174 | Pinnae entire or slightly crenate; veins 18-20 pairs |
| 174' | Pinnae distinctly lobed; veins rarely more than 12 pairs. |
| 175 | Pinnae lobed less than ½. |
| 175' | Pinnae lobed more than ½. |
| 176 | Hairs on lower surface of costae and costules appressed. |
| 176' | Hairs on lower surface of costae and costules not appressed. |
| 177 | Lower 12-15 pairs of pinnae gradually reduced, lowest 1 cm long |
| 177' | Transition to small pinnae at base of frond abrupt |
| 178 | Reduced pinnae more than 12 pairs; sporangia not setiferous. |
| 178' | Reduced pinnae to 5 pairs; sporangia setiferous |
| 179 | Sporangia always with several setae. |
| 179' | Sporangia rarely with a seta. |
| 180 | Basal 2-3 pairs of pinnae somewhat narrowed at their bases. |
| 180' | All pinnae in lower half of frond narrowed at their bases, lowest much narrowed |
| 181 | Pinnae to 11 x 2.1 cm, lobed 3/5-2/3; hairs on lower surface of costules antrorse |
| 181' | Pinnae to 17 x 2.8 cm, lobed more than 3/4; hairs on lower surface of costules erect |
| 182 | Pinnae lobed 3/4 or more deeply; reduced pinnae all very small. |
| 182' | Pinnae lobed at most 2/3; reduced pinnae 1-1.5 cm long |
| 183 | Lower surface of rachis glabrous |
| 183' | Lower surface of rachis densely covered with erect brown hairs. |
| 184 | Sporangia not setiferous. |
| 184' | Sporangia setiferous. |
| 185 | Pinnae not or little more than 5 cm long. |
| 185' | Pinnae more than 10 cm long. |
| 186 | Pinnae crenate; sori inframedial. |
| 186' | Pinnae lobed more than 1/2; sori supramedial |
| 187 | Pinnae 10-20 pairs; 2-3 pairs of lower ones gradually reduced. |
| 187' | Pinnae to 30 pairs; abrupt change to reduced ones at base. |
| 188 | Caudex slender, erect; pinnae slightly crenate distally. |
| 188' | Caudex very short; pinnae crenate throughout |
| 189 | No reduced pinnae; normal pinnae distinctly stalked |
| 189' | At least 5 pairs lower pinnae gradually or abruptly reduced; all pinnae sessile. |
| 190 | Sori elongate and indusiate. |
| 190' | Sori not elongate, or if so exindusiate. |
| 191 | Normal pinnae not or little more than 2 cm wide; upper reduced pinnae 4 mm long |
| 191' | Normal pinnae commonly 2.5-3.5 cm wide; reduced pinnae much larger |
| 192 | Abrupt transition to 6 pairs of very small basal pinnae |
| 192' | Basal pinnae not very small. |
| 193 | Rachis quite glabrous on lower surface; pinnae almost entire. |
| 193' | Rachis hairy on lower surface; pinnae crenate or lobed throughout |
| 194 | Caudex terrestrial and long-creeping, or scandent. |
| 194' | Caudex various, not long-creeping nor scandent. |
| 195 | Caudex terrestrial; indusia distinct |
| 195' | Caudex scandent; indusia very small or lacking. |
| 196 | Several pairs of lower pinnae gradually smaller and auricled on acroscopic base |
| 196' | Transition to basal reduced pinnae abrupt. |
| 197 | Lower 1-5 pairs of pinnae gradually reduced. |
| 197' | At least 3 pairs of reduced pinnae distinct from normal ones. |
| 198 | Pinnae to 2 cm long; no indusia |
| 198' | Pinnae to at least 4 cm long; indusia present |
| 199 | Pinnae lobed 1/2 way to costa or more deeply. |
| 199' | Pinnae lobed less than 1/2 way to costa. |
| 200 | Reduced pinnae 20 pairs, all very small |
| 200' | Reduced pinnae to 12 pairs, all conspicuous. |
| 201 | Caudex short, erect; pinnae lobed 1/2 |
| 201' | Caudex tall, slender, if free-standing; pinnae lobed 2/3-3/4 |
| 202 | Pinnae to 3.5 cm long, slightly crenate |
| 202' | Pinnae in most cases larger, deeply crenate or lobed. |
| 203 | Stipe 40-50 cm long; reduced pinnae 3 pairs, small. |
| 203' | Stipe much shorter; reduced pinnae more numerous, conspicuous. |
| 204 | Pinnae crenate; no long hairs on lower surface of rachis and costae. |
| 204' | Pinnae distinctly lobed; long hairs usually present on lower surface of rachis and costae. |
| 205 | Caudex erect; largest fertile pinnae 17 x 2.5 cm |
| 205' | Caudex short-creeping; largest pinnae 8 x 2 cm |
| 206 | Stipe-scales 1 mm long; pinnae to 4 x 1 cm |
| 206' | Stipe-scales 7 mm long; pinnae to 12 x 2 cm |
