| 1 | Perennial unbranched herbs or subshrubby herbs with ± subverticillate leaves in fours congested at top of stem. Anther-bearing organ with 3 distinct narrow lobes |
| 1' | Branched subshrubs or shrubs with decussate leaves. Anther-bearing organ shortly 3-lobed or 3-crenate. |
| 2 | Leaves usually long acuminate, 8-29 by 3-13 cm, usually finely shallowly glandular-serrate. Fruits and stamens white |
| 2' | Leaves usually ± obtuse, 5-12.5 by 2-4 cm, crenate-serrate. Fruits and stamens green or yellowish (cultivated) |
