1 | Fronds hairy as well as scaly on costae, costules and rachises; hairs septate, coarse, different from the scales. |
1' | Fronds scaly; no hairs as distinct from scales (some scales may be narrow and almost hair-like). |
2 | Sorus when young spherical and quite enclosed by indusium which when ripe breaks to expose sporangia. |
2' | Sorus otherwise; indusium attached on basiscopic side of sorus. |
3 | Sori on distinct stalks |
3' | Sori sessile |
4 | Hairs sparse; scales broad and thin |
4' | Hairs copious; scales thick, elongate |
5 | Pinnules jointed to rachis; sori longer than wide |
5' | Pinnules not jointed to rachis; sori not elongate. |
6 | Several vascular bundles in stipe. |
6' | Two vascular bundles in base of stipe |
7 | Basal acroscopic leaflet or lobe of middle pinnae distinctly nearer to main rachis than basal basiscopic leaflet or lobe; fronds never simply pinnate. |
7' | Basal acroscopic leaflet or lobe of middle pinnae not distinctly nearer to main rachis than basiscopic leaflet or lobe; or fronds simply pinnate throughout. |
8 | Fronds elongate, basal pinnae not much enlarged on basiscopic side; rachis often bearing a bud. |
8' | Fronds broadly deltoid, basal pinnae much enlarged on basiscopic side; rachis lacking buds. |
9 | Indusium peltate; teeth on edges of lamina often with stiff slender points. |
9' | Indusium reniform; teeth not so produced |