Cratoxylum sumatranum

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Cratoxylum sumatranum

Description

Tree or shrub, to 35 m tall, deciduous to sub-deciduous, glabrous; bark fissured, peeling in strips, dark brown; young shoots with interpetiolar scar continuous. Leaves sessile or with petiole up to 15 mm, 4-18 by 2-7 cm, elliptic to ovate-oblong, apex rounded to cuspidate, base subcordate or rounded to attenuate, herbaceous to chartaceous, sometimes glaucous beneath. Inflorescence a foliate panicle, often large; pedicels 1½-5 mm. Flowers homostylous. Sepals 3-6½ by 3-4½ mm. Petals dark or brownish red to brick red, pale green at base, 4-9 by 1½-4 mm. Stamen fascicles 2½-7½ mm long, with stamens ± congested, c. 120 per fascicle; anther gland absent. Staminodial fascicles (if well developed) yellow, up to 3 mm long, flattened, oblong to obovate, cucullate. Ovary 1½-3 mm long; styles 1½-3 mm. Capsule 7-10 by 3-5 mm, c. 1-3 times as long as the sepals, cylindric, with columella basal to half as long as capsule. Seeds 3-10 per loculus, 5-7½ by 1½-2 mm, oblanceolate to oblong.

Distribution

Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; Jawa (Jawa present); Lesser Sunda Is. (Bali present); Philippines (Philippines present); Sulawesi (Sulawesi present); Sumatera (Sumatera present), Lesser Sunda Is present, SE. Asia present, Sumbawa present
SE. Asia and Malesia: Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is. (Bali to Sumbawa), Borneo, Celebes, and the Philippines. .

Notes

C. sumatranum comprises 3 subspecies, one of which (subsp. neriifolium (KURZ) GOGELEIN) occurs from Bengal to Thailand and Laos. It differs from the Flora Malesiana subspecies in having leaves always sessile to subsessile and sometimes glaucous beneath, always relatively few-flowered terminal and axillary panicles, petals bright red to brick red, and sepals in fruit 8-9 by 4-5 mm, almost as long as the capsule. In contrast, subsp. sumatranum and blancoi have leaves sessile or petiolate (to 15 mm), usually relatively many-flowered terminal (and sometimes axillary) panicles, petals dark red to brownish red, and sepals in fruit 3-7 by 2-4 mm, up to ¾ as long as the capsule.

Citation

Merr. 1909 – In: Philip. J. Sc.: Bot. 293
Bl. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 76
Bl. 1852 – In: Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat.: 15
BACK. & BAKH.F. 1963 – In: Fl. Java: 383
K. & V. 1900 – In: Bijdr.: 134
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 516
GAGNEP. 1909 – In: Not. Syst.: 20
BACK. & BAKH.F. 1963 – In: Fl. Java: 383
BACK. 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 87
Corner 1939 – In: Gard. Bull. S. S.: 35
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 516
GOGELEIN 1967 – In: Blumea: 459
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 516
GAGNEP. 1909 – In: Not. Syst.: 20
MEIJER 1967 – In: Bot. Newsbull. Herb. For. Dept. Sandakan: 64
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 516
Engl. 1925 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 21: 183
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 516
K. & V. 1900 – In: Bijdr.: 132
BACK. 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 87
K. & V. 1900 – In: Bijdr.: 135
KORTH. 1842: Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot.: 178
Blume 1861: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 194
Engl. 1925 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 21: 183