Leea indica

Primary tabs

Leea indica

Description

Shrub, treelet or small tree, 2-10(-16) m, multior single stemmed, frequently stilt-rooted; Leaves (1-)2- or 3-pinnate, leaflets 7-∞. Inflorescences (5-)10-25 (-40) cm long, usually broad and lax, rarely condensed, glabrous to pubescent, rarely soft or bristly hairy or papillose; Flowers 5-merous, greenish-white. Ovary (4-) 6 (-8)-celled, style 1-2½ mm. Fruit 5-10(-15) mm ø, purple-black;

Distribution

Andaman present, Asia-Temperate: China South-Central (Yunnan present); Hainan (Hainan present), Asia-Tropical: Assam (Assam present); Bangladesh (Bangladesh present); Bismarck Archipelago (Bismarck Archipelago present); Borneo present; Cambodia (Cambodia present); East Himalaya (Sikkim present); India present; Jawa (Jawa present); Laos (Laos present); Malaya present (Singapore present); Maluku (Maluku present); New Guinea present; Philippines (Philippines present); Sulawesi (Sulawesi present); Sumatera (Sumatera present); Thailand (Thailand present), Burma present, Ceylon present, Espiritu Santo present, Kandavu present, Kwangsi present, Lesser Sunda Is present, Levu present, Moala present, N. & S. Vietnam present, N. Australia present, Nepal present, New Hebrides present, Nicobar Is present, Ovalau present, Pacific: Fiji (Fiji present), Santa Cruz Is present, Solomon Is present, Tonga Is present, Vanau present, Viti Levu present, from Madras and Bombay northwards to Punjab present
Ceylon, India (from Madras and Bombay northwards to Punjab, Sikkim, Assam), Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, N. & S. Vietnam, China (Yunnan, Kwangsi, Hainan), Andaman and Nicobar Is.; in Malesia: Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Borneo, Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea (incl. Bismarck Archipelago); N. Australia, Solomon Is., Santa Cruz Is., New Hebrides (Espiritu Santo), Fiji (Vanau, Levu, Ovalau, Viti Levu, Kandavu, Moala), ?Tonga Is..

Notes

Many attempts have been made to segregate this common wide-spread species into smaller taxonomic units, particularly by MIQUEL who studied plants from the area where the greatest morphological diversity occurs. The majority of these segregates have been established on leaflet characters. One entity, somewhat distinctive in flower by the deep sinuses of the staminodial tube, occurs from Burma to Malaya together with the normal form of L. indica, overlapping in vegetative and other characters. It was considered to be specifically distinct by GRIFFITH, who described it as L. gigantea. The situation closely parallels that found in the Madagascan material of L. guineensis where the same deep sinuses occur. In L. guineensis this character occurs allopatrically in an insularly isolated population whilst in ‘L. gigante’ the character occurs sympatrieally within the range of L. indica.
The remainder of the material shows rather interesting trends, particularly in leaf vestiture and dimensions. Within the area from India across to China and southward to Java the leaflets tend to be more or less glabrous and apparently have a trend to increase in size, culminating in large leaflet forms in Java. In the herbarium leaflets of all size classes may be found on plants from Java whilst, as far as can be ascertained, large leaflet forms do not occur in India. This trend is particularly apparent in the dimensions of the terminal leaflets. Eastwards across the Lesser Sunda Islands leaf pubescence tends to increase, culminating in very pubescent forms in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. The Solomon Islands have been very intensively collected and are relatively over-represented in the collections compared to other areas, but here all but two collections are more or less glabrous. Further eastwards to Fiji both pubescent and glabrous forms occur, but there is a decrease in the leaf size so that the glabrous form cannot be separated from the material from India or Ceylon.
The two specimens from the Solomon Is., BSIP 5371 (Rob Roy I.) and NGF 16378 (Bougainville), are unusual in having very large leaflets (c. 25 by 12 cm) which are hairy on the nerves, whilst the remainder of the Solomon Islands material is glabrous. Furthermore the stem, rachises, stipules and inflorescences are covered with bristle-like hairs, a feature somewhat paralleling the condition found in ‘L. cumingii’ of the L. guineensis complex. However, although certain general trends in leaf dimension and vestiture can be recognized, random exceptions occur in all areas and no absolute trends can be delimited. So within New Guinea occasional glabrous leaved species occur which cannot be separated from material from normal populations in Malaya. The problem is to obtain uniform comparable samples from the wide-spread populations of a species common in populated areas and frequently subjected to cutting and coppicing.

Citation

BONSTEDT 1931: Parey’s Blumengart.: 895
CAV. 1789: p. 372. – In: Dissert.: t. 218
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 611
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 388
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 387
LAUT. 1910 – In: Nova Guinea: 302
Ridl. 1922 – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: 485
BRANDIS 1906: Ind. Trees: 179
PRAIN: Beng. Pl.: 239
LAUT. 1924 – In: Nova Guinea: 138
WHITE 1929 – In: J. Arn. Arb.: 237
HASSK. 1848: Pl. Jav. Rar.: 453
WARB. 1891 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 369
HASSK. 1844: Cat. Hort. Bog.: 168
Miq. 1863 – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: 96
G. DON 1831 – In: Gen. Hist.: 712
COWAN & COWAN 1929: Trees N. Beng.: 40
GRIFF. 1877 – In: Fl. Burma: 280
DRURY 1864 – In: Handb.Ind.Fl.: 181
WILLD. 1877 – In: Fl. Burma: 279
PARHAM 1964: Pl. Fiji Isl.: 154
Roxb. 1824 – In: Fl. Ind., ed. 1: 470
Roxb. 1827 – In: Syst. Veg.: Cur. post. 70
Roxb. 1832 – In: Fl. Ind., ed. 2: 658
Roxb. 1832 – In: Fl. Ind., ed. 2: 657
Ridl. 1922 – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: 484
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 384
MOON 1824: Cat. Pl. Ceyl.: 18
SCHEFF. 1876 – In: Ann. Jard. Bot. Btzg: 15
THW. 1859: En. Pl. Zeyl.: 64
BRANDIS 1906: Ind. Trees: 179
Ridl. 1922 – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: 486
Clarke 1881 – In: J. Bot.: 139
G. DON 1831 – In: Gen. Hist.: 712
LAUT. 1925 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 534
LAUT. 1925 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 530
BRANDIS 1874: For. Fl.: 102
King 1896 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 414
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 386
CRAIB 1926 – In: Fl. Siam. En.: 317
GAMBLE & FISCH. 1918 – In: Fl. Pres. Madras: 240
ex MASTERS 1898: p. 242. – In: Gard. Chron.: f. 92
LAUT. 1912 – In: Nova Guinea: 831
SEEM. 1865: Fl. Vit.: 44
BANERJEE 1965 – In: Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind.: 33
A. GRAY 1854: Bot. Wilkes U.S. Expl. Exp.: 274
Merr. 1908 – In: Philip. J. Sc.: Bot. 80
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 384
HEMSL. 1895: Kew Bull.: 134
KURZ 1873 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 65
VOIGT 1845: Hort. Sub. Calc.: 30
K. SCH. & LAUT. 1900: Fl. Schutzgeb.: 430
LAWS. 1875 – In: Fl. Br. Ind.: 666
BURGER 1972: Seedl. Trop. Tr. Shr. SE. Asia: 381: f. 155
F.-VILL. 1880: Nov. App.: 50
GAGNEP. 1950: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 853
DALZ. & GIBS. 1861: Bomb. Fl.: 41
RIDSDALE 1974: p. 95. – In: Blumea: f. 4/6-8, 5/1-7, 8/5
GRIFF. 1875 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 178
BACKER 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 256
Ridl. 1916 – In: Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.: 32
RECHINGER 1914 – In: Denkschr. Kais. Ak. Wiss. Wien: 574
WILLD. 1861: Sum.: 202
VAL. 1907 – In: Bull. Dép. Agr. Ind. Néerl.: 31
BAILEY 1899 – In: Queensl. Fl.: 284
SCHMIDT 1915 – In: Bot. Tidsskr.: 330
Merr. 1921: En. Born.: 368
KANJILAL & DAS 1936 – In: Fl. Assam: 307
SPRENG. 1827 – In: Syst. Veg.: Cur. post. 70
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 384
K. SCH. & LAUT. 1900: Fl. Schutzgeb.: 430
Clarke 1881 – In: J. Bot.: 140
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 385, 388
BACKER 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 256
DUTHIE 1903 – In: Upper Gangetic Pl.: 176
K. SCH. 1888 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 208
K. & V. 1903 – In: Bijdr.: 8
F.v.M. 1876 – In: Descr. Not.: 37
HARA 1966: Fl. E. Himal.: 200
WILLD. 1863 – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: 99
Benth. 1863 – In: Fl. Austr.: 451
K. SCH. 1888 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 208
CRAIB 1912 – In: Aberd. Univ. Stud.: 43
F.v.M. 1876 – In: Descr. Not.: 36
K. SCHINZ 1888 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 208
Merr. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 14
WILLD. 1885: Phan. Cuming.: 104
HAINES 1910: For. Fl. Chota Nagpur: 280
Corner 1940: p. 97. – In: Ways. Trees: Atlas pl. 1
KANJILAL & DAS 1936 – In: Fl. Assam: 306
GAGNEP. 1950: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 853
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 384, 385
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 388
WILLD. 1912 – In: J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.: 51
CHITTENDEN 1951 – In: Diet. Gard.: 1143
BACKER & BAKH.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 94
HAINES 1925 – In: Bot. Bihar & Orissa: 208
VIDAL 1883: Sinopsis: 21: t. 33, f. 1
GRAHAM 1839: Cat. Pl. Bomb. Vic.: 33
BACKER & BAKH.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 94
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 388
W. & A. 1834: Prod.: 132
COWAN & COWAN 1929: Trees N. Beng.: 40
LAUT. 1925 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 534
Merr. 1921: En. Born.: 369
SPRENG. 1824 – In: Syst. Veg.: 670
CRAIB 1926 – In: Fl. Siam. En.: 318
CRAIB 1926 – In: Fl. Siam. En.: 318
KURZ 1875 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 179
HASSK. 1844: Cat. Hort. Bog.: 168
TALBOT 1909 – In: For. Fl. Bomb. Pres.: 327
BACKER 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 255
WILLD. 1886: Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip.: 94
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 384, 385, 387, 388
Roxb. 1814: Hort. Beng.: 18
HOME 1881: Year in Fiji: 264
TRIM. 1893 – In: Fl. Ceyl.: 297
TALBOT: Trees Shrubs Bomb. Pres., ed. 2: 154
King 1896 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 412
Miq.: Sum.: 202
Clarke 1971: Fl. E. Himal., 2nd Rep: 79
Engl. 1898 – In: Notizbl. Berl.-Dahl.: 130
WILLIAMS 1905 – In: Bull. Herb. Boiss.: 217
DC. 1824 – In: Prod.: 635
MERR. & PERRY 1941 – In: J. Arn. Arb.: 380
Ridl. 1922: p. 484. – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: f. 48
GAGNEP. 1950: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 848
ROEM. & SCHULTES 1819 – In: Syst. Veg.: 705
K. SCHINZ 1895 – In: Notizbl. Berl.-Dahl.: 53
SANTAPAU 1953 – In: Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind.: 56
HUNDLEY & U CHIT KO Ko 1961: List Tr. Shr. Herbs & Climb. Burma: 55
Merr. 1906 – In: Philip. J. Sc.: Suppl. 89
WILLD. 1925 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 531
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 386, 387
WILLD. 1854 – In: Ic. Pl. As.: t. 644
GIBBS 1914 – In: J. Linn. Soc. Bot.: 65
KURZ 1876 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 124
BRANDIS 1906: Ind. Trees: 179
SCHEFF. 1876 – In: Ann. Jard. Bot. Btzg: 15
GRIFF. 1854 – In: Not. Pl. As.: 698
Roxb. 1824 – In: Fl. Ind., ed. 1: 471
COOKE 1902 – In: Fl. Bomb.: 260
WARB. 1891 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 369
KURZ 1870: Rep. Veg. And. Isl.: 34
SUESSENG. 1953 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam., ed. 2, 20d: 388
Ridl. 1911 – In: J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.: 87
SPRENG. 1824 – In: Syst. Veg.: 670
WHITE 1923 – In: Proc. R. Soc. Queensl.: 43
GAGNEP. 1912 – In: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 941
GAGNEP. 1950: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 852
WINKLER 1909 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 537
WARB. 1891 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 368
K. & V. 1903 – In: Bijdr.: 12
CRAIB 1926 – In: Fl. Siam. En.: 317
LAUT. 1924 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 534
CORNER & WATANABE 1969: Ill Guide Trop. Pl.: 454
GRIFF. 1854 – In: Ic. Pl. As.: f. 2
BACKER & BAKH.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 94
VOIGT 1845: Hort. Sub. Calc.: 30
Merr. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 11