Cocculus orbiculatus
Content
Distribution
Asia-Temperate: Taiwan (Taiwan present), Asia-Tropical: Malaya present (Singapore present); Philippines (Philippines present), Batan Is present, Himalayas present, Japan present, Luzon present, Mauritius present, Mindanao present, NE. Sumatra present, Pacific: Hawaii present, Penang present, Réunion present, W.-Central Java present
Eastern Himalayas, east to China, Japan, Taiwan and Hawaii; in Malesia: NE. Sumatra, Malaya (also Penang&Singapore), W.-Central Java, Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Batan Is.). In Réunion and Mauritius possibly as an introduction.
Notes
The extensive synonymy of this species is largely the result of combining four species which have previously been recognized as distinct, viz., C. trilobus (THUNB.) DC, C. sarmentosus (LOUR.) DIELS, C. mollis HOOK. f. & TH., and C. ferrandianus GAUDICH.
The material now available is considerably more than that available to DIELS (1910). The specimens I have examined display great variability in the leaves with regard to shape and degree of hairiness, which completely obscures the distinctions set out by DIELS in that part of his key which separates the abovementioned four species. It now seems apparent that the epithets 'trilobus', 'sarmentosus', 'mollis' and ferrandianus' are applicable only to forms each of which is more dominant in a different part of the total area of the species, but which are linked together by so many intermediates that the recognition of infraspecific taxa is impracticable.
I have discussed in detail (1962, under C. trilobus) the great variation in shape and indumentum of the leaves in relation to the geographical distribution of the species. This variation has resulted in the extensive synonymy which I gave in full (l.c.).
RIDLEY has twice recorded the stems as being laticiferous, under Limacia kunstleri KING, Trans. Linn. Soc. II Bot. 3 (1893) 274, and under C. elegans (RIDL.) RLDL. Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 111.
The material now available is considerably more than that available to DIELS (1910). The specimens I have examined display great variability in the leaves with regard to shape and degree of hairiness, which completely obscures the distinctions set out by DIELS in that part of his key which separates the abovementioned four species. It now seems apparent that the epithets 'trilobus', 'sarmentosus', 'mollis' and ferrandianus' are applicable only to forms each of which is more dominant in a different part of the total area of the species, but which are linked together by so many intermediates that the recognition of infraspecific taxa is impracticable.
I have discussed in detail (1962, under C. trilobus) the great variation in shape and indumentum of the leaves in relation to the geographical distribution of the species. This variation has resulted in the extensive synonymy which I gave in full (l.c.).
RIDLEY has twice recorded the stems as being laticiferous, under Limacia kunstleri KING, Trans. Linn. Soc. II Bot. 3 (1893) 274, and under C. elegans (RIDL.) RLDL. Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 111.
Citation
Merr. 1918 – In: Philip. J. Sc.: Bot. 10
BACK. 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 44
MAIER 1852 – In: Nat. Tijd. N. I.: 465
Ridl. 1893 – In: Bot.: 274
YAMAMOTO 1944 – In: J. Soc. Trop. Agric.: 102
DC. 1868 – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: 84
BEUMEE 1925: Hand. N. I. Nat. Congr.: 175
Diels 1910: p. 232. – In: Pfl. R.: f. 78A-L
Miq. 1858 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 81
DC. 1911 – In: Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4: 1166
Merr. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 149
Diels 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 149
DC. 1908: Voorl. Schoolfl.: 8
BACK. & BAKH.f. 1963 – In: Fl. Java: 159
HASSK. 1843 – In: Tijd. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.: 132
King 1900 – In: J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.: 42
DC. 1974: p. 479. – In: Kew Bull.: t. 15A-G.
SPRAGUE 1913 – In: Bot. Mag.: t. 8489
DC. 1824 – In: Prod.: 98
BACK. 1907 – In: Fl.Bat.: 36
Koord. 1912 – In: Exk. Fl. Java: 231
Merr. 1935 – In: Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n.s.: 156
HEND. 1951: p. 417. – In: Mal. Nat. J.: t. 377
FORMAN 1968 – In: Kew Bull.: 374
Bl. 1825: Bijdr.: 25
BECC. 1877 – In: Malesia: 151
FORMAN 1962: p. 480. – In: Kew Bull.: f. 1
BOERL. 1899 – In: Cat. Hort. Bog.: 39
Ridl. 1922 – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: 110
SCHEFF. 1873: p. 399. – In: Nat. Tijd. N. I.: t. 11
Diels 1911 – In: Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4: 1166