| 1 | Anthers lunate, introrse, coherent at apex, subsessile; calyx persistent, at least on
staminate flowers; drupes strongly tuberculate, usually distinctly glaucous |
| 1' | Anthers usually oblong or elliptic, compressed or oblique, extrorse, completely free, with a usually long filament; calyx usually caducous, at least on drupes or absent; drupes smooth to tuberculate, usually not glaucous |
| 2 | Calyx 4-6-lobed; drupes from lustrous and smooth to verrucose or tuberculate; leaf blades usually papillate, chartaceous to coriaceous, all veins prominent and reticulate above |
| 2' | Calyx absent or rarely 1- or 2-lobed, linear, affixed to the base of stamens; drupes usually tuberculate; blades usually epapillate, membranous to chartaceous, all veins obscure and delicate or impressed above |
| 3 | Calyx present in both staminate and pistillate flowers |
| 3' | Calyx present in pistillate flowers only |
| 4 | Calyx articulate, caducous and usually longer than the androecium and gynoecium |
| 4' | Calyx inarticulate, usually persistent in staminate flowers and shorter than the androecium and gynoecium |
| 5 | Leaves oblanceolate, oblong, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, usually obtuse, mucronate to rounded at apex and glaucous beneath; mature drupes smooth or lustrous at least in dried specimens; usually growing on upper to subalpine mountain forest or grassland margin |
| 5' | Leaves lanceolate (narrowly elliptic), acuminate to acute at apex and green beneath; mature drupes tuberculate to verrucose at least in dried specimens, usually growing on lower to middle mountain rain forest |
| 6 | Blades narrowly oblong, obovate-oblong, obovate, the apex rounded to mucronate or acute at apex, coriaceous, smooth, glaucous and papillate beneath; veins prominently finely reticulate, usually without elevated lateral veins |
| 6' | Blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, usually acute to acuminate or cuspidate at apex |
| 7 | Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, glaucous, papillate; veins prominent with coarsely elevated reticulation; drupes smooth |
| 7' | Leaves narrowly elliptic to lanceolate; veins not with prominently elevated reticulation |
| 8 | Leaves fleshy, elliptic, base obtuse to cuneate, apex cuspidate to acute to mucronate; drupe stalk 4-10 mm long |
| 8' | Leaves narrowly elliptic, base cuneate, apex acuminate; drupe stalk 4-5 mm long |
| 9 | Blades short, less than 6 cm long; drupes smooth; calyx of staminate flower caducous; veins obscure |
| 9' | Blades long, more than 6 cm, shining on both surfaces |
| 10 | Blades with acute-obtuse base |
| 10' | Blades with cuneate base |
| 11 | Fruiting pedicels usually more than 1 cm long; styles usually caducous; leaves ovate-lanceolate |
| 11' | Fruiting pedicels less than 1 cm long; styles persistent; leaves lanceolate |
| 12 | Drupes tuberculate and leaves papillate or drupes smooth and leaves epapillate |
| 12' | Drupes smooth and leaves papillate |
| 13 | Drupes smooth, 4 mm in diameter; leaves papillate, obtuse at base; styles recurved |
| 13' | Drupes rugose, 6-7 mm in diameter; leaves epapillate, acute at base; styles circinnate |
| 14 | Leaves petiolate, petioles 2-4 cm long; filaments 0.7-0.8 mm long |
| 14' | Leaves subsessile, petioles 0.2 mm long; filaments 1.2-2.3 mm long |
| 15 | Leaves elliptic, both ends acute, 6-6.5 by 2.5-3 cm |
| 15' | Leaves oblong-obovate, apex mucronate, cuneate at base, 4-9 by 1-2 cm |
