KEY TO THE SPECIES

1Rhizome with stiff, erect to pendent rootless aerial branches
1'Rhizome creeping
2Fronds strongly dimorphic, scattered on the rhizome or somewhat clustered on short side branches
2'Fronds monomorphic or slightly dimorphic, often in whorls of 5-10 fronds
3Lamina thick, coriaceous, costa below with copious, conspicuous, 3-4 mm long pale to brown scales
3'Lamina thin, papyraceous when dry, costa below mostly with few or inconspicuous scales
4Rhizome in older parts not entirely covered with scales; scales with squarrose acumen and entire or distinctly glandular margin
4'Rhizome entirely covered with overlapping scales, scales with appressed or spreading apex, usually with non-glandular cilia
5Rhizome scales with gradually narrowed apex, stipe 0.5-4.5 cm long, costa and stipe often with distinct dark coloration
5'Rhizome scales with abruptly narrowed apex, stipe to 2-3 mm long, costa and stipe without dark coloration below
6Phyllopodia very short, inconspicuous, much shorter than the stipe, sori mostly in a closely costal single row
6'Phyllopodia longer, position of sori variable