| 1 | Inflorescence a panicle or panicle-like, in axils of leaves, often also on older branches and on the main trunk. |
| 1' | Inflorescence a raceme or spike, in axils of leaves, rarely on older branches or on the trunk. |
| 2 | Shrub or small tree, polygamous (gynodioecious). Flowers distinctly pedicelled. Drupe ellipsoid, 8-16 mm long |
| 2' | Small tree. Flowers unisexual, sessile, the female flowers often with a very short pedicel, elongated in fruiting state. Drupe ellipsoid, 2.3-4 cm long |
| 3 | Flowers in racemes, mostly 3 per bract. Bracts broadly ovate to ovate or cordate, caducous before anthesis. Tepals free or united at the base only (rarely female flowers without perianth). |
| 3' | Flowers in spikes, each flower in the axil of a small (c. 1 mm long) persistent bract. Tepals united, tube urceolate, lobes shorter than the tube |
| 4 | Shrub or small tree. Rachis of raceme glabrous or puberulous, pedicels glabrous. Bracts basally attached, not peltate. Drupe usually less than 1.5 cm long. |
| 4' | Liana, sometimes an erect shrub. Rachis of raceme and pedicels densely covered with brownish hairs. Bracts peltate. Drupe ellipsoid, 1.5-3 cm long |
| 5 | Flowers bisexual. Raceme at least 2.5 cm, mostly longer. Drupe ellipsoid. |
| 5' | Plant dioecious. Raceme 1-2 cm long. Female flowers without perianth, male flowers with free tepals. Drupe ± orbicular |
| 6 | Tepals free, recurved. Stamens exceeding the perianth. Disk annular. Drupe 8-16 mm |
| 6' | Tepals united at base, tube cupular, lobes spreading. Stamens not exceeding the perianth. Disk cupular with irregularly lobed margin. Drupe 9-16 mm long, resting on the thickened disk |
