Galearia fulva
Content
Description
Shrubs to small trees, up to 20 m, bole up to 11 m high, dbh up to 25 cm;
Leaves:
Stipules triangular, 1-3 by 0.3-0.5 mm, hairy.
Inflorescences terminal, up to 110 cm long racemes (seldom paniculate), subglabrous to hairy, dark green to light brown, pistillate flowers single or three per node;
Flowers (4- or) 5-merous, green (to white);
Fruits laterally flattened ovoid drupes with ridges along edges, 10.5-12 by 7.8-8.5 by 6-6.3 mm, somewhat hairy, glabrescent, yellowish to pale green to white, wall thin, woody, c. 0.4 mm thick.
Seeds seen immature.
Distribution
Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia present); Philippines (Philippines present); Sumatera (Sumatera present); Thailand (Thailand present); Vietnam (Vietnam present), Burma present
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam; in Malesia: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines.
Taxonomy
2 This species complex is very variable. Galearia aristifera almost merges into this species (see note under latter) and in this treatment G. stenophylla is not recognised anymore. In the following paragraphs several series are mentioned showing that all differences in shapes and sizes merge into each other. The only difference that still exist is the presence of two petal types in the pistillate flowers (). One type is generally found in G. fulva (rather straight, slightly cucullate petals), while the other type (cucullate with hook-like apex) is mainly present in the G. stenophylla form (however, no difference in fruits and staminate flowers with more typical G. fulva, and the leaf shapes gradually merge with G. fulva).
Series from G. stenophylla with long and narrow leaves (rheophytic type) to G. fulva with shorter, broader leaves, also a series from glabrous to hairy. All ovate: (glabrous) and (type G. stenophylla; hairy), both ovate, long and slender (19 by 1.7 cm), to (shorter, ovate, hairy; 12.3 by 11.8 cm), to (shorter, relatively broader; 11.2 by 2.6 cm) to very small ( ; 4.7 by 1.3 cm). The apex in this series changes from gradually decurrent into an acute apex (narrow leaves) to acuminate/cuspidate (and occasionally caudate) (broader leaves).
From small to larger and bullate leaves (all ovate): (shorter, relatively broader; 11.2 by 2.6 cm) to broader and larger, and from a flat surface to more bullate: (12.3 by 3.1 cm; flat) to (type G. dolichobotrys; 16.5 by 5.3 cm, flat) to (20.5 by 7.3 cm, bullate).
From ovate to elliptic/oblong (long and slender): (type G. stenophylla) to to to .
From small leaves to large ones: (4.7 by 1.3 cm) to (11.2 by 2.6 cm) to (16.3 by 6.3 cm) to (28 by 8.4 cm) to (29 by 14 cm), (31 by 11 cm).
From ovate to obovate: (ovate) to (elliptic) to (obovate, small leaves) and (obovate, large leaves).
From green drying leaves to brown drying leaves: (light green) to (greenish brown) to (brown).
From an attenuate leaf base to an emarginate base: (attenuate) to (rounded) to (emarginate). has rounded and attenuate leaves. 1 A lectotype is selected for G. minor, because one of the syntypes, H.O. Forbes 3096 (L) is G. filiformis and not G. fulva.
Series from G. stenophylla with long and narrow leaves (rheophytic type) to G. fulva with shorter, broader leaves, also a series from glabrous to hairy. All ovate: (glabrous) and (type G. stenophylla; hairy), both ovate, long and slender (19 by 1.7 cm), to (shorter, ovate, hairy; 12.3 by 11.8 cm), to (shorter, relatively broader; 11.2 by 2.6 cm) to very small ( ; 4.7 by 1.3 cm). The apex in this series changes from gradually decurrent into an acute apex (narrow leaves) to acuminate/cuspidate (and occasionally caudate) (broader leaves).
From small to larger and bullate leaves (all ovate): (shorter, relatively broader; 11.2 by 2.6 cm) to broader and larger, and from a flat surface to more bullate: (12.3 by 3.1 cm; flat) to (type G. dolichobotrys; 16.5 by 5.3 cm, flat) to (20.5 by 7.3 cm, bullate).
From ovate to elliptic/oblong (long and slender): (type G. stenophylla) to to to .
From small leaves to large ones: (4.7 by 1.3 cm) to (11.2 by 2.6 cm) to (16.3 by 6.3 cm) to (28 by 8.4 cm) to (29 by 14 cm), (31 by 11 cm).
From ovate to obovate: (ovate) to (elliptic) to (obovate, small leaves) and (obovate, large leaves).
From green drying leaves to brown drying leaves: (light green) to (greenish brown) to (brown).
From an attenuate leaf base to an emarginate base: (attenuate) to (rounded) to (emarginate). has rounded and attenuate leaves. 1 A lectotype is selected for G. minor, because one of the syntypes, H.O. Forbes 3096 (L) is G. filiformis and not G. fulva.
Uses
The stem is used to make spring and spear traps (Malay Peninsula, Semelai); the leaves are used as vegetable Dusun (Borneo) or in the sayur (Kalimantan Barat). In Thailand the root is used locally for fever.
Citation
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 100
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 101
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1039
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 378
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 380
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 378
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 378
Merr. 1929: Pl. Elmer. Born.: 161
Gagnep. 1926 – In: Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 457
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 379
Meijer 1967 – In: Bot. Bull. Herb. Forest Dept. Sabah: 45
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Airy Shaw 1975 – In: Kew Bull.: 221
Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl.: 450
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1038
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 255
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 101
Miq. 1981 – In: Kew Bull.: 366
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 379
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 102
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1038
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1931 – In: Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg: 229
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 257
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 101
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1037
Forman 1971: p. 160. – In: Kew Bull.: f. 1c, 2d
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 101
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 258
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1038
Hook.f. 1887 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 380
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 256
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1039
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 101
Gagnep. 1926 – In: Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 458
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 257
Müll.Arg. 1866: p. 1037. – In: DC., Prodr. 15: (‘lindleyana’).
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 256
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Whitmore 1973 – In: Tree Fl. Malaya: 98
Airy Shaw 1975 – In: Kew Bull.: 221
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 99
Merr. 1921 – In: J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc.: 345
Gagnep. 1926: p. 457. – In: Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: f. 56: 1-6
Whitmore 1973 – In: Tree Fl. Malaya: 98
Kurz 1877 – In: Forest Fl. Burma: 407
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1037
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 257
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Airy Shaw 1972 – In: Kew Bull.: 362
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 255
Pooma 2007: p. 306. – In: Welzen & Chayam., Fl. Thailand 8: f. 1, pl. XVII: 1.1-1.3
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 98
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 100
Meijer 1967 – In: Bot. Bull. Herb. Forest Dept. Sabah: 45
Forman 1971 – In: Kew Bull.: 159
Meijer 1967 – In: Bot. Bull. Herb. Forest Dept. Sabah: 45
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 256
Müll.Arg. 1866 – In: DC., Prodr. 15: 1039
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 255
Boerl. 1900 – In: Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 282
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1911 – In: Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 100