| 1 | Leaf blade 3- or 5-foliolate. — Palawan |
| 1' | Leaf blade simple (unlobed or lobed) |
| 2 | Plant (sub)annual; monoecious; diurnal. Corolla 20(-30) mm diameter. Male bracts 1(-2) mm long, mostly caducous. Seeds compressed, with undulate edge. [Probract absent. Fruit small, ovoid, or long cylindrical in cultivated var. anguina.] |
| 2' | Plant (sub)perennial; monoecious or dioecious. Corolla 30 mm diam. or more. Male bracts larger. Seeds tumid or compressed, edge not undulate |
| 3 | Plant densely (grey-)brown villose. [Male bracts large, membranous, ± entire.] |
| 3' | Plant thinly hairy or glabrous |
| 4 | Leaf blade unlobed (broadly ovate); glands (1-)2-5 mm diameter or more |
| 4' | Leaf blade unlobed or lobed; glands 1(-2) mm diameter or less, or absent |
| 5 | Blade margin coarsely dentate; glands 2-5 mm diameter, situated near the insertion of the petiole. Seeds 13-16 mm long, cuneate at one end |
| 5' | Blade margin entire; glands 1-2 mm diam., scattered at about the centre or towards the base. Seeds c. 13 mm long, not cuneate at one end |
| 6 | Plant with fruit (and female flowers) |
| 6' | Plant with male flowers |
| 7 | Fruit (depressed) globose. [Leaf blade ± 5-angular, blackish on drying, with several small glands close to the insertion of the petiole. Seeds narrowly elliptic, chisel-shaped pointed at base.] |
| 7' | Fruit ± (ob)ovoid or ellipsoid |
| 8 | Fruit c. 10 cm long. Fruiting pedicel 10-20 mm thick |
| 8' | Fruit smaller. Fruiting pedicel less than 5 mm thick |
| 9 | Seeds tumid (barrel-shaped or (sub)fusiform) (Fig. 91b) |
| 9' | Seeds compressed, (narrowly) ovate |
| 10 | Fruit ripening (possibly) green. — Peat swamp forest |
| 10' | Fruit ripening red. — Dryland areas |
| 11 | Bracts 10-30 mm long, entire. Leaf blade 5-angular, blackish on drying |
| 11' | Bracts incised (or much smaller). Leaf blade various, not blackish on drying |
| 12 | Male raceme with stout rachis, 5-10 mm thick. Leaf blade deeply 5-lobed |
| 12' | Male raceme with slender rachis, 1-2 mm thick. Leaf blade unlobed or 3(-5)-lobed |
| 13 | Leaf blade usually ± hairy beneath. Corolla c. 30 mm diameter |
| 13' | Leaf blade glabrous (early glabrescent). Corolla larger |
| 14 | Raceme zigzag; bracts 10-40 mm long, shallowly incised to 3 mm deep, without glands |
| 14' | Raceme straight; bracts 25-45 mm long, deeply finely incised, 5-15 mm deep, with few glands |
