Stereospermum colais

Primary tabs

Stereospermum colais

Description

Deciduous, glabrous tree, up to 30 m, 75 cm ø; Leaves glabrous, 20-50cm; Flowers dingy yellow, cream within with dark red stripes, in slender, erect, lengthening thyrses 15-40 cm long, on the bare twigs with the new leaves, c. 3 cm long, 1¾ cm wide at the limb. Capsule linear, ± terete, 4-ribbed, curved or twisted, 8-45 cm by 8-10 mm; Seeds 2 by ½ cm, incl. wings ¾ cm.

Distribution

Asia-Temperate: China South-Central (Yunnan present), Asia-Tropical: Malaya present (Singapore present); Sumatera (Sumatera), Ceylon present, Glugor Road present, Penang present, entire continental tropical SE. Asia present
Widely distributed from Ceylon through entire continental tropical SE. Asia to Yunnan and Indo-China; in Malesia: Malaya (very rare, only in Penang, e.g. on Glugor Road, and Singapore), possibly also in Sumatra.
Unfortunately there is no certainty about the records in Indonesia: HASSKARL described his type from trees cultivated in the Botanic Gardens at Bogor; ZOLLINGER described S. hasskarlii also from a cultivated tree in these gardens (ZOLLINGER 3069) but noted that it would have originated from Bantam, West Java, adding the Sundanese vernacular 'ki langir'; a duplicate of this number in Paris is said by SANTISUK to have been annotated to come from the Lampong Distr. in S. Sumatra, which then probably is an error.
Then there is a collection said to have been collected by KORTHALS with 'Borneo' printed labels. This provenance is very unlikely, as the use of these old labels has been proved to be often erratic. These specimens may have come from West Central Sumatra but may also have been collected by KORTHALS in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Plant-geographically the species might occur (or have occurred) in Sumatra and West Java, but probably as rare as in Malaya because of its preference for seasonal forest conditions.

Taxonomy

There has been a most unfortunate confusion about the identity of Bignonia chelo-noides L.f. (1781). This emanated from LINNÉ. F who described it as a hairy plant (type herb. Konig, in LINN), but added the reference to Padri of RHEEDE, an other glabrous species with long petiolules. This probably misled ROXBURGH who applied LINNE'S epithet to the latter. This interpretation was followed by almost all subsequent authors. In 1922 HAINES concluded that two species were involved and he adopted for the present one the name S. tetragonum DC. In 1948 CHATTERJEE replaced this by an older epithet of HASSKARL.

Uses

According to BURKILL in India an important timber tree, especially in the northeast where it is common; the hard grey wood is moderately durable and easy to work, good for furniture, used but less good for building; in Assam and E. Bengal padri-wood is used for canoes and tea-boxes. In S. India a cooling drink, from roots and flowers, is given in fevers. The fragrant flowers are offered in temples.

Notes

As in several other members of this family leaves from suckers and saplings may be toothed or serrate at the margin; leaves of mature trees are entire.
In a few continental Asiatic specimens a very minute puberulous indument occurs on nerves underneath in the inflorescence (KERR 1167, KOSTERMANS 1056, LESCHENAULT 157).

Citation

A.DC. 1845 – In: Prod.: 210
GAMBLE 1924 – In: Fl. Madras: 998
KURZ 1877 – In: Fl. Burma: 230
A.DC. 1922: Kew Bull.: 121
Chatterjee 1977 – In: Steen. Fl. Males.: 148
HASSK. 1848: Pl. Jav. Rar.: 507
Ridl. 1923 – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: 550
Miq. 1858 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 756
[non (L.F.) A.P.DC] A.P.DC. 1928 – In: Bull. Jard. Bot. Btzg: 237
HASSK. 1844: Cat. Hort. Bog.: 152
Chatterjee 1948 – In: Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng.: 70
STEEN. 1927: Thesis: 951
SANTISUK 1973 – In: Kew Bull.: 178
Clarke 1884 – In: Fl. Br. Ind.: 382
Chatterjee 1974 – In: Thai For. Bull. Bot.: 26
Corner 1940: Ways. Trees: 172: F. 43
TRIMEN 1895 – In: Fl. Ceyl.: 283
DOP. 1930 – In: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: 579
HAND.-MAZZ. 1936 – In: Symb. Sin.: 889
HAINES 1922: Fl. Bihar Orissa: 655
ZOLL. 1864 – In: Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat.: 200