Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum

Content

Description

Tree to 30 m, but often much less; bole to 60 cm diam., sometimes fluted at base or with buttresses to 1 m tall, 30 cm out. Bark pale brownish grey, smooth and lenticellate to scaling, brittle; inner bark pale yellowish brown, sometimes mottled; sapwood pale yellow; heartwood red-brown with sour smell. Leaves to 67 cm long, ± imparipinnate with a scar next to the ‘terminal’ leaflet, 4- or 5(–6)-jugate; petiole c. 15–22 cm, 3–5 mm diam., flattened adaxially, glabrescent; rachis 2–3 mm diam., glabrescent. Inflorescences 8–25 cm long, spicate to scarcely branched, squarrose, axillary to ramiflorous, axes sparsely hairy, subsessile cymules 1–7-flowered; bracts c. 1 mm long, subtriangular. Flowers fragrant (honeysuckle, Mabberley). Petals 4 (5), c. 5–7 by 2 mm, elliptic-oblong, valvate to apically imbricate, puberulent without, yellowish, sometimes pinkish apically. Staminal tube glabrous, off white, weakly hairy without, margin 8– (or 10–) toothed; anthers (6–)8(–10), c. 1.5 mm long, elliptic-ovate, yellow, ± included. Ovary (2– or) 3-locular, hairy, each locule with 2 collateral ovules; style cylindical, furrowed, hairy, pale green; stylehead subcapitate, with basal annulus, white to pale orange. Capsule c. 4 cm long, 5 cm diam., globose to fig-shaped, often veiny or wrinkled, orange-red (black in sicco), dehiscent; the pericarp with white latex. Seeds 1–6, c. 25–35 mm long, 15–20 mm across, elliptic to suboblong, shiny brown-orange, (?) sarcotestal.

Distribution

Andamans present, Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; Jawa (Jawa present); Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia present); Philippines (Philippines present); Sumatera (Sumatera present), Bali; a sterile collection from Flores present, Nicobars present, SE Asia to Malesia present, bb 11377 present, may also belong here present

SE Asia to Malesia: Nicobars, Andamans, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali; a sterile collection from Flores, bb 11377, may also belong here).

Morphology

I am not altogether convinced that this is homogeneous in that upland plants from Borneo with smaller leaves and thicker leaflets seem to be distinct though apparently linked by intermediate specimens to the main corpus of material. To the east, the plant is replaced by Dysoxylum latifolium Benth. and to the west by D. pallens Hiern and allied taxa which may be conspecific with D. cyrtobotryum; indeed, material from N Sumatra, e.g. de Wilde et al 19963 in L, very closely resembles such plants. There are, in addition, from the Malay Peninsula 2 m tall treelets known so far only in fruit and similar in facies to Dysoxylum sp. 3: FRI 20143 (K) from Pahang and Chew 71 (SING) from Trengganu.

Citation

Pellegr. 1911: 738, 748. – In: Fl. Indo-Chine: incl. var. harmandianum (Pierre) Pellegr. & var. quocense

Pellegr. 1911 – In: Fl. Indo-Chine: 749

Spreng. 1827 – In: Syst. Veg.: 252

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 364.

C.DC. 1874: p. 526. – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: incl. var. bomeense Miq.

Koord. 1913: Atlas: t. 175, 176, incl. var. grandiflorum Koord. & Valeton.

Merr. 1921 – In: J. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc: 320

Mabb. 1989 – In: Tree Fl. Malaya: 243.

Ridley 1922 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 397

Backer & Bakh. f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 123.

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 370.

A. Juss. 1832 – In: Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris: 235

Miq. 1863: p. 12. – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: incl. var. bomeense Miq. (‘var. β forma bomeensis’)

Merr. 1929 – In: Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.: 120

Burkill 1935: Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins.: 886.

Backer 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 208

Koord. & Valeton 1896: p. 73. – In: Bijdr. Booms. Java: incl. var. typicum Koord. & Valeton (‘typica’) & var. grandiflorum Koord. & Valeton (‘grandiflora’)

Koord. 1912 – In: Exk. Fl. Java: 442

Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 542.

Hô 1992 – In: Ill. Fl. Vietnam: 490

G.Don 1831 – In: Gen. Syst.: 685

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 363.

C.DC. 1878 – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 515