Pandorea pandorana
Content
Description
Malesian specimens: Often large liana, 20-30 m.
Leaves 2-4(-6)-jugate;
Stamens included, at their base glandular-papillose, inserted very near the base of the tube.
Ovary glandular-papillose.
Capsule acute, c. (5-)9-12 by (l¾-)2½-3 by 2-2½ cm;
Seeds c. 2½-3 by 1½-2 cm including the hyaline wings.
Distribution
Ambon present, Asia-Tropical: Maluku (Maluku present); New Guinea present, Australasia: Tasmania (Tasmania present), Bougainville present, Central Celebes present, Central, N. & E. Australia present, Ceram present, East Malesia present, Flores present, Halmaheira present, Key Is present, Lesser Sunda Is present, Lombok present, Lord Howe I present, Morotai present, N. Solomons present, New Britain present, New Caledonia present present, Pacific: Fiji (Fiji present), Timor present
Central, N. & E. Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe I., New Caledonia, N. Solomons (Bougainville), and East Malesia: New Guinea (incl. New Britain), Moluccas (Morotai, Halmaheira, Ambon, Ceram, Key Is.), Lesser Sunda Is. (Lombok, Flores, Timor), and Central Celebes (van Bal- gooy 3915); 65 collections.
Though Tecoma filicifolium, a juvenile form, was said to have come from Fiji, I have shown (1967, l.c.) that this hailed from New Caledonia.
SIMS claimed that LODDIGES nurseries had received Bignonia pandorae from Norfolk I., but this seems to rest either on an erroneous localisation or on a cultivated source.
Though Tecoma filicifolium, a juvenile form, was said to have come from Fiji, I have shown (1967, l.c.) that this hailed from New Caledonia.
SIMS claimed that LODDIGES nurseries had received Bignonia pandorae from Norfolk I., but this seems to rest either on an erroneous localisation or on a cultivated source.
Taxonomy
A quite well recognizable species in spite of a fair degree of variability. This is in part ontogenetic, the juvenile form having narrow, many-jugate, crenate, small leaflets; these are sometimes still found on odd twigs of mature-foliaged plants.
The main variation is in Australia in the leaves, the rainforest (type variety) form having ovate to elliptic 2-jugate leaflets, whereas in drier places 2-4-jugate leaves occur with lanceolate leaflets (described as T. meonantha), while in still more arid places the 2-6-jugate leaves have almost linear leaflets (described as T. oxleyi and T. doratoxylon). The latter form may at times be scrambling, bushy or even erect (spearwood bush) and carry racemose inflorescences. Though the typical representatives of these three forms are distinct, they are connected by a clear series of specimens with intermediary characters, which already induced BAILEY to say that he named the three forms as varieties merely for convenience. Whether these forms are genetically different taxa (races) or merely pheno-typic forms can only be established by experiments. BAILEY added that flowers of the type variety would emit a strongly disagreeable odour while T. meonantha would have fragrant flowers. This matter must be solved by field botanists.
In Malesia the 3-4-jugate leaves are often narrower, sessile, and also more toothed than the 2-jugate ones; it looks like a matter of lingering neoteny.
At higher altitudes, 1300-2000 m, leaflets tend to be more coriaceous. In SCHMUTZ 3178 the veins are by exception prominent above.
The New Caledonian form seems to be a local race with small flowers and small roundish, dentate leaves.
In rainforest the leaflets are usually entire, or with a few coarse teeth towards the apex, and usually they have underneath a fair number of crater-like larger glands, in Australian specimens these are scarce or absent.
Lateral petiolules are usually short (2-5 mm), but in HYLAND 5092 they measure 1½ cm.
The main variation is in Australia in the leaves, the rainforest (type variety) form having ovate to elliptic 2-jugate leaflets, whereas in drier places 2-4-jugate leaves occur with lanceolate leaflets (described as T. meonantha), while in still more arid places the 2-6-jugate leaves have almost linear leaflets (described as T. oxleyi and T. doratoxylon). The latter form may at times be scrambling, bushy or even erect (spearwood bush) and carry racemose inflorescences. Though the typical representatives of these three forms are distinct, they are connected by a clear series of specimens with intermediary characters, which already induced BAILEY to say that he named the three forms as varieties merely for convenience. Whether these forms are genetically different taxa (races) or merely pheno-typic forms can only be established by experiments. BAILEY added that flowers of the type variety would emit a strongly disagreeable odour while T. meonantha would have fragrant flowers. This matter must be solved by field botanists.
In Malesia the 3-4-jugate leaves are often narrower, sessile, and also more toothed than the 2-jugate ones; it looks like a matter of lingering neoteny.
At higher altitudes, 1300-2000 m, leaflets tend to be more coriaceous. In SCHMUTZ 3178 the veins are by exception prominent above.
The New Caledonian form seems to be a local race with small flowers and small roundish, dentate leaves.
In rainforest the leaflets are usually entire, or with a few coarse teeth towards the apex, and usually they have underneath a fair number of crater-like larger glands, in Australian specimens these are scarce or absent.
Lateral petiolules are usually short (2-5 mm), but in HYLAND 5092 they measure 1½ cm.
Citation
STEEN. 1927 – In: Nova Guinea: 302
GARDNER 1930: En. Pl. Austr. Occ.: 118
STEEN. 1927: Thesis: 855
J. H. WILLIS 1972 – In: Handb. Pl. Vict.: 578
A. VAN GEERT 1874: Cat. n. 74
G. DON 1838 – In: Syst.: 224
cf. STEEN. 1967 – In: Blumea: 146
BAILEY 1901 – In: Queensl. Fl.: 1134
HARRIS 1938: Wild Fl. Austr: 151: pl. 6
BTH. 1869 – In: Fl. Austr.: 537
WHITE & FRANCIS 1926 – In: Proc. R. Soc. Queensl.: 166
Diels 1922 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 498
DC. 1845 – In: Prod.: 225
STEEN. 1927: Thesis: 857
SPACH 1927: Thesis: 859
BAILL. 1891 – In: Hist. Pl.: 40
COMPTON 1921 – In: J. Linn. Soc. Bot.: 373
T. MOORE 1874: Fl. & Pom.: 280
HARRIS 1938: Wild Fl. Austr: 151: pl. 39
J.M. BLACK 1957: p. 773. – In: Fl. S. Austr. pt: f. 1106
Miq. 1864: p. 197. – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.: t. 5
Cat., ex JOHNSON & HOGG 1874 – In: J. Hort.: 366
STEEN. 1928 – In: Bull. Jard. Bot. Btzg: 196
BAILL. 1927: Thesis: 852
K.SCH. 1894 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4: 230
DOMIN 1929 – In: Bibl. Bot.: 1153
HERKLOTS 1976: Fl. Trop. Climb: 69: f. 91
STEEN. 1929 – In: Proc. R. Soc. Queensl.: 43
STEEN. 1927 – In: Nova Guinea: 302
BEADLE, EVANS & CAROLIN 1972: Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2: 502
K.SCH. 1894 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4: 230
DC. 1845 – In: Prod.: 225
MAID. 1914 – In: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.: 382
STEEN. 1927: p. 301. – In: Nova Guinea: t. 33
K.SCH. 1894 – In: E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4: 230
GUILLAUMIN 1948: Fl. Nouv. Cal.: 317
HEINE 1976: p. 87. – In: Fl. Nouv.-Caléd.: pl. 20
J.M. BLACK 1915 – In: Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr.: 836