Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum

Content

Description

Trees to 36 m; bole to 80 cm diam,., fluted; buttresses to 2.5 m tall, 3.5 m out, concave, plank-like. Bark grey-brown, smooth to scaling, lenticellate to densely pustular; inner bark creamish, flecked orange; sapwood creamish. Leaves 30–125 cm, imparipinnate, up to 14-jugate, the distal leaflets developing some time after the more proximal, drying yellowish; petiole 3–8 cm, 3–5 mm diam., terete to flattened adaxially, glabrescent to softly pubescent, base swollen; rachis 4–5 mm diam., glabrescent to ± pubescent. Flowers white to creamy yellow, somewhat foetid (Lasianthus- like, Mabberley); bracteoles c. 5, imbricate, orbicular, grading imperceptibly into sepals. Sepals 5, 2 mm long, adpressed pubescent, abaxially concave at base, margin ciliate; calyx cupular, c. 2.5 mm long and diam. Petals (4 or) 5, c. 12–14 by 2.5–3 mm, linear-lanceolate, valvate, sometimes weakly imbricate at apices, adpressed pubescent without, glabrous within, adnate to staminal tube in proximal half. Staminal tube ± sericeous on both sides, margin with 10 ± bifid lobes; anthers (9 or) 10(–15), c. 1 mm long, narrowly oblong, locellate, glabrous, attached in notches between lobes, ± protruding from tube, subsessile. Ovary densely long-sericeous, 5-locular, each locule 2-ovulate; style terete, long sericeous in lower 3/4; stylehead short-cylindrical to subdiscoid. Fruit c. 3 cm diam., flattened globose, 5-lobed, densely yellow-brown tomentose, cerebriform in sicco. Seeds up to 10, red (raphearil cum sarcotesta), c. 1 cm long, plano-convex, borne on white carpel walls. Seedlings with simple leaves.

Distribution

Aru present, Asia-Tropical: Bismarck Archipelago (Bismarck Archipelago present); Jawa (Jawa present); New Guinea present; Sulawesi (Sulawesi present), Australasia: Queensland (Queensland present), Ceram present, Flores present, Indian Ocean present, Luzon present, Masbate present, Mindanao present, New Hebrides present, Pacific: Samoa (Samoa present), Palawan present, Solomon Islands present, Sumbawa present, Tenimbar present, Timor present

Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Queensland, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Samoa; MalesiaJava, Philippines (Luzon, Masbate, Mindanao, Palawan), Celebes, Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumbawa, Flores, Timor), Moluccas (Ceram, Tenimbar, Aru), New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago

Taxonomy

De Wit has identified Arbor nussalavica with D. gaudichaudianum, following Merrill’s earlier suggestion that the plant is a species of Dysoxylum. However, the tetramerous ramiflorous fruits are more reminiscent of D. parasiticum, where I have placed Rumphius’s plant tentatively. Rumphius’s Arbor sebi, with vernacular name kidoja seems to belong here. To the synonymy established by Bakhuizen f. (q.v.) and C.T. White (q.v.) I have added merely the Samoan D. maota as understood by A.C. Smith, D. bakerarum from Vanuatu, and D. intermedium from New Guinea, which fall in the range of variation in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. I have excluded D. cerebriforme, included by White, us this is D. setosum.

Uses

The tree has medicinal properties and is well known in the Philippines, where its uses were recorded in the seventeenth century by Mercado as Aguio or Iguio, and it may be sometimes planted . It has been widely used as an emetic (K. Heyne, l.c., Quisumbing, l.c.) but it has been recorded that in Papua New Guinea two deaths resulted from taking an infusion of the bark in coconut milk for this purpose (Henty). Infusions are said to be piscicidal and insecticidal in the Trobriand Islands (Henty).

Citation

F.M.Bailey 1899: p. 231. – In: Queensl. Fl.: quoad var. glabrescens.

C.DC. 1878 – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 517

Kosterm. 1969 – In: Reinwardtia: 436

C.DC. 1878 – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 518

Guzman et al. 1986: p. 338. – In: Guide Philipp. Fl. Fauna: t. 258.

Hochr. 1905: 11, 17. – In: Cat. Bogor. Nov.: incl. var. otophorum & var. pubescens

Vidal 1880: Revist. Monog: 4: n.v.

Backer & Bakh.f. 1965: p. 121. – In: Fl. Java: incl. ‘var. pubescens’ nom. non rite publ.

M. Roem. 1846 – In: Synops. Monogr.: 105

Koord. 1912 – In: Exk. Fl. Java: 442

Perkins 1904: Fragm. Fl. Philipp.: 31

Backer 1911: Schoolfl. Java: 203

C.T. White 1942 – In: Proc. Roy Soc. Queensl.: 211

Backer 1907: Fl. Batavia: 272: incl. var. otophorum

Briq. 1935: p. 50. – In: Mém. Inst. Nat. Genev.: incl. var. pubescens

Koord. & Valeton 1896: p. 84. – In: Bijdr. Booms. Java: incl. var. otophorum (Miq.) Koord. & Valeton & var. typicum Koord. & Valeton (‘typica’)

C.T. White 1935: p. 34. – In: N. Queensl. Nat.: excl. syn. D. cerebriforme F.M. Bailey

Harms 1940 – In: Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 19bl: 157

K. Heyne 1950: Nutt. Pl. Indon., ed. 3: 893.

Henty 1980: p. 100. – In: Bot. Bull. Lae: t. 35.

Merr. 1916 – In: Philipp. J. Sc, Bot.: 279

Setch. 1924: p. 81. – In: Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ.: t. 3

Vidal 1883: Sin. Pl. Len. Filip. Atl.: ind. xix, t. 29A.

Ridley 1906 – In: J. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc.: 181

A.C.Smith 1952 – In: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb: 511.

K. Schum. & Laut. 1900: Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 380

Du Puy 1993 – In: Fl. Austral.: 297.

Merr. 1912: Fl. Manila: 276

Koord. 1898: Minah.: 386

Merr. 1918: Sp. Blanc.: 209

Guerr. 1921 – In: Dept. Agr. Nat. Res. Bur. For. Bull.: 197

Blanco 1878: p. 88. – In: Fl. Filip., ed. 3: t. 130.

Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 540

F. Muell.: p. 145. – In: Fragm. Phytogr. Austral.: quoad var. glabrescens

Elmer 1937 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 3362

Hochr. 1904: Pl. Bogor. Exsicc: 70: incl. var. otophorum & var. pubescens

Briq. 1935 – In: Mém. Inst. Nat. Genev.: 53

C.DC. 1878: p. 519. – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: quoad var. glabrescens

Adelb. 1948 – In: Blumea: 316

Harms 1942 – In: Bot. Jahrb.: 189.

K. Schum. 1898 – In: Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin: 125

Rech. 1910: p. 296. – In: Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien: cum tab.

A. Juss. 1832 – In: Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris: 231, 272

Naves 1878 – In: Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3: t. 130

A. Juss. 1831 – In: Linnaea: 113

C.DC. 1903 – In: Bull. Herb. Boiss.: 178

Koord. 1913 – In: Atlas: t. 173

Quis. 1951: Med. Pl. Philipp.: 479, 1036

Christoph. 1935 – In: Bull. Bish. Mus.: 115

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 363

C.DC 1878 – In: DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 517

C.DC. 1906 – In: Bull. Herb. Boiss.: 167