Tinomiscium petiolare

Content

Description

Large woody climber to 30 m, exuding white latex when cut. Leaves: Inflorescences arising several together from protuberances on old stems, racemose, (5—)8—28(—35) cm, ferrugineous-tomentose, rarely glabrous.

Distribution

Asia-Temperate: China South-Central (Yunnan present), Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; India present; Malaya present; New Guinea present; Philippines (Philippines present); Sumatera (Sumatera present); Thailand (Thailand present); Vietnam (Vietnam present), Burma present, Luzon present, Mindanao present, Natuna Is present, Nicobar Is present, W. Java present

India (incl. Nicobar Is.), Burma, Thailand, Yunnan, Vietnam; in Malesia: Sumatra, Malaya, W. Java, Borneo (incl. Natuna Is.), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), New Guinea.

Uses

The milky exudate is used against dental caries (Vietnam), to alleviate sprue and fever (VAN STEENIS-KRUSEMAN, l.c.), and diluted it is used as an eyewash (Philippines; see BROWN, l.c., under T. philippinense). The fruits are used as fish-poison (Philippines; BURKILL, l.c., under T. philippinense), yet WHITMOREin his field-notes for FRI 3381 stated that the seeds are edible and sweet. The plant (? fruits) is used as a rat-poison in S. Sumatra (BURKILL, l.c., under T. phytocrenoides), while the roots and stems are used medicinally in Java.

Notes

In his monograph DIELS (1910) recognized 7 species although he commented that these were very close and that their number should perhaps be reduced. The characters used by DIELS to distinguish the species were: shape and indumentum of leaves, and sizes of inflorescences, flower-pedicels and sepals. With the abundant material of the genus now available, it is clear that there is much variation in the characters and that they can no longer be used to draw taxonomic distinctions. The stamens and endocarps have also proved to be very variable. The stamens can be conspicuously apiculate or the apiculus can be completely lacking; both conditions can occur in the same flower. The anthers vary from being prominent, i.e. projecting from the connective, with vertical slits to being immersed in the connective with horizontal slits; intermediate examples also occur. The endocarps are very variable in shape and surface ornamentation and also vary in the degree of flattening.

Citation

Merr. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 146

Diels 1910: p. 33. – In: Pfl. R.: f. 16A&B, 118

Merr. 1923 – In: En. Philip.: 146

YAMAMOTO 1944 – In: J. Soc. Trop. Agric.: 40

Miq. 1858 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 87

King 1889 – In: J. As. Soc. Beng.: 379

BACK. & BAKH.Ƒ 1963 – In: Fl. Java: 157

QUIS. 1951: Medic. Pl. Philip.: 299

KANEH.& HATUS. 1942 – In: Bot. Mag. Tokyo: 474

HEND. 1928 – In: Gard. Bull. S. S.: 219

Ridl. 1910 – In: J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.: 14

Koord. 1912 – In: Exk. Fl. Java: 233

BACK. 1911: Schoolfl.: 42

BURK. 1935: Dict.: 2136

YAMAMOTO 1944 – In: J. Soc. Trop. Agric.: 41

BOERL. 1899 – In: Cat. Hort. Bog.: 37

MIERS 1871 – In: Contr. Bot.: 45

MIERS 1871: p. 45. – In: Contr. Bot.: t. 94

BURK. 1935: Dict.: 2163

HEYNE 1927: Nutt. Pl.: 618

BURK. 1935: Dict.: 2163

PANCHO 1983: p. 279. – In: Vase. Fl. Mt Makiling: f. 83

BURK. & HEND. 1925 – In: Gard. Bull. S. S.: 344

HEYNE 1927: Nutt. Pl.: 618

Merr. 1921: En. Born.: 248

STEENIS-KRUSEMAN 1953 – In: Bull. Org. Sc. Res. Indon.: 35

Diels 1910: p. 117. – In: Pfl. R.: f. 42

TEIJSM. & BINN. 1873: p. 394. – In: Nat. Tijd. N. I.: t. 3

Diels 1910 – In: Pfl. R.: 116

NORMAN 1924 – In: J. Bot.: 5

W.H. BROWN 1921 – In: Minor Prod. Philip. For.: 186

HOOK.f. & TH. 1872 – In: Fl. Br. India: 97

Ridl. 1922: p. 105. – In: Fl. Mal. Pen.: t. 9

Ridl. 1900 – In: J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc.: 42

GAGNEP 1908: p. 127. – In: Fl. Gén. I.-C.: t. 14/1-10

Diels 1911 – In: Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4: 1164