Castanopsis javanica
Content
Description
Tree, 10-40 m, trunk sometimes fluted, 20-100 cm ø.
Branchlets initially rather densely set with reddish brown, adpressed, stellate hairs and fimbriate scales, mixed with patent hirsute bundle-hairs, later glabrescent;
Leaves thick-coriaceous, (6-)10-13(-18) by (2-)3-6(-8) cm (index 1.9-3.6), widest about the middle to slightly lower or higher;
Stipules 3-4 by 1½ mm, recurved, hairy, very soon caducous.
Fruit solitary and hence round on section, depressed-conical, 1-1½ by 2-2½ cm;
Distribution
Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia present); Sumatera (Sumatera present), Banka present, Penang present, Perak present, Selangor present, West Java present, from the north to the Palembang area present, western Kalimantan absent
Malesia: Sumatra (from the north to the Palembang area; also Banka), Malay Peninsula (Perak, Selangor, several collections; also Penang), West Java (common), and Borneo (not seen from western Kalimantan).
Uses
Although a tree of poor shape, one of the most durable timbers in the Kelabit Highlands, central Sarawak, and widely used for house posts. Bark used for making kegs for storing rice.
Notes
Young growth scurfy brown or reddish.
In all islands there is a continuous variation in the texture and pubescence of the leaf, and also in the density and arrangement of the spines. Specimens below 500 m usually have thinner and less pubescent leaves and fewer and more regularly spaced spines, resembling C. discocarpa from Banka. Those from 500-1000 m match in all respects C. lentiginosa from Sarawak, whilst specimens from higher altitudes agree with C. java-nica. In Java, the influence of altitude on variation is particularly distinct. Plants from Depok (at 100 m), Janlappa (at 90 m), and Bogor (at 250 m), have thinner and less pubescent leaves and less spiny cupules than the many collections from 1000 m and above. In Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo, the same pattern of variation occurs and no distinctions appear to hold good in the considerable range of diversity.
The species is quite different from C. echidno-carpa from India and from our C. acuminatissima with which HANCE compared it; rather it is related to C.ferox from India, with which E. F. WARBURG compared his C. lentiginosa, but it differs in its len-ticellate branchlets, fewer nerves, shorter spines, and a tomentose fruit. The cupule, whatever its outward resemblance with that of C. costata, contains 3 fruits in the latter. The leaves of C. java-nica are, on the average, smaller than in C. costata, with thinner veins and more obscure reticulation. Its brachlets, anyway the older ones, are strikingly rich in lenticels, and the scales of the terminal bud are broader.
A malformed specimen labelled "in sylvis mon-tis Dieng 5-6000' Hb. Waitz" (L) belongs here; BLUME identified this in sched. as Quercus angusta-ta. Since all other collections are from West Java, a mistake in the labelling is assumed.
In all islands there is a continuous variation in the texture and pubescence of the leaf, and also in the density and arrangement of the spines. Specimens below 500 m usually have thinner and less pubescent leaves and fewer and more regularly spaced spines, resembling C. discocarpa from Banka. Those from 500-1000 m match in all respects C. lentiginosa from Sarawak, whilst specimens from higher altitudes agree with C. java-nica. In Java, the influence of altitude on variation is particularly distinct. Plants from Depok (at 100 m), Janlappa (at 90 m), and Bogor (at 250 m), have thinner and less pubescent leaves and less spiny cupules than the many collections from 1000 m and above. In Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo, the same pattern of variation occurs and no distinctions appear to hold good in the considerable range of diversity.
The species is quite different from C. echidno-carpa from India and from our C. acuminatissima with which HANCE compared it; rather it is related to C.ferox from India, with which E. F. WARBURG compared his C. lentiginosa, but it differs in its len-ticellate branchlets, fewer nerves, shorter spines, and a tomentose fruit. The cupule, whatever its outward resemblance with that of C. costata, contains 3 fruits in the latter. The leaves of C. java-nica are, on the average, smaller than in C. costata, with thinner veins and more obscure reticulation. Its brachlets, anyway the older ones, are strikingly rich in lenticels, and the scales of the terminal bud are broader.
A malformed specimen labelled "in sylvis mon-tis Dieng 5-6000' Hb. Waitz" (L) belongs here; BLUME identified this in sched. as Quercus angusta-ta. Since all other collections are from West Java, a mistake in the labelling is assumed.
Citation
King 1889: p. 97. – In: Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc.: t. 88
A. CAMUS 1930: Chat: 316: t. 32: 7-10
Hook.f. 1888 – In: Fl. Br. Ind.: 620
A.DC. 1864 – In: Prod.: 111
K. & V. 1904 – In: Bijdr.: 9
A. CAMUS 1930: Chât: 356: t. 43: 4-9
GAMBLE 1914: Kew Bull.: 180
Hook.f. 1888 – In: Fl. Br. Ind.: 616
BACKER & BAKH.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 4
King 1889: p. 76. – In: Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc.: t. 70
SOEPADMO 1968 – In: Reinwardtia: 393
Corner 1940: Ways. Trees: 302: f. 97
Bl. 1829: Fl. Jav. Cupul: 44: t. 23
HASSK. 1844: Cat. Hort. Bogor. Alt.: 73
Koord. 1913 – In: Atlas: t. 38