Artocarpus heterophyllus
Description
Tree up to 10(-30) m tall, sometimes with short buttresses, evergreen.
Leaves spirally arranged;
stipules fully amplexicaul, 1-5(-8) cm long, minutely whitish appressedly puberulous, caducous.
stamen 1.5-2 mm long, anther c. 0.3 mm long; flower intermixed with numerous (to few?) cylindrical processes, these as long as the flowers, or processes absent.
fruits ellipsoid, c. 3 cm long.
Distribution
Asia-Tropical: India present
In Malesia cultivated and (occasionally) naturalised in areas with evergreen and semi-evergreen forest; probably (only) indigenous in western peninsular India; cultivated throughout the tropics (under the names Jack, Jak, Jaquier, Jaca, etc.).
Morphology
1There are two main forms in cultivation: one with firm fruiting perianths and the other with soft ones.
2The presence of processes among staminate flowers or bracts among pistillate flowers is rather erratic.
Uses
The sweet fleshy perianths in fruit are eaten; the seeds are eaten roasted or boiled; the wood is used, e.g., for construction.
Citation
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 351
Roxb. 1832: Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 3: 522
Fern.-Vill. 1880: Nov. App.: 203
Backer & Bakh.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 19
Trécul 1847 – In: Ann. Sci. Nat.: 115
F.M. Jarrett 1959 – In: J. Arnold Arbor. 40: 334
Hook. 1828 – In: Bot. Mag.: t. 2883, 2884
Koord. & Valeton 1906 – In: Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java: 19
Koord. 1912 – In: Exkurs.-Fl. Java: 93
Griff. 1854 – In: Notul. Pl. Asiat.: 402
Roxb. 1815: Pl. Coromandel: t. 250
Mendiola 1940 – In: Philip. Agric.: 789
Blanco 1879 – In: Fl. Filip., ed. 3: 75
Corner 1939 – In: Gard. Bull. Singapore 10: 56
Merr. 1935: Comm. Fl. Cochinch.: 135
Trécul 1847 – In: Ann. Sci. Nat.: 117
Blanco 1845: Fl. Filip., ed. 2: 466
Blume 1825: Bijdr.: 482
Lam. 1797: Tabl. Encycl.: t. 745
Lam. 1940: Wayside Trees Malaya: 654
Soepadmo 1991: p. 86. – In: Prosea: cum t.
Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 41
Subba Rao 1940 – In: J. Mysore Univ.: 63
Pers. 1807 – In: Syn. Pl.: 531
auct. non L.f.: Willd. 1889: p. 16. – In: Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta).: et errata (record from Deccan, India)
Corner 1988 – In: Wayside Trees Malaya, ed. 3: 517
Elmer 1909 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 612
Gagnep. 1928 – In: Fl. Indo-Chine: 732
Warb. 1891 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 296
W.H. Br. 1922: p. 262. – In: Min. Prod. Philip. For.: t. 15, 16
Ochse & Bakh. 1931: Fruit: 69: t. 28
Kochummen 1978: p. 127. – In: Tree Fl. Malaya: t. 4
auct. non (Thunb.) Merr.: Merr. 1931: Veg. Dutch East Indies: 490
Quisumb. 1951: Med. Pl. Philipp.: 228
Burkill 1935: Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins.: 253
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ned. Ind.: 287
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ned. Ind.: 287
auct. non L.f.: Willd. 1867 – In: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi: 211
Decne. 1835: Herb. Timorensis Descr.: 169
Span. 1841 – In: Linnaea: 343
King in Hook.f. 1888 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 541
Wight 1843 – In: Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient.: t. 678