Ficus cumingii

Content

Description

Shrub or much-branched treelet up to 5 m, sometimes up to 12 m tall. Branchlets drying brownish to greyish. internal hairs abundant (or few to absent), brownish. Leaves (sub)opposite (and the pairs partly decussate) or alternate and distichous or in lax spirals; stipules semi-amplexicaul, subovate, chartaceous, 0.3-0.8 cm long, sparsely minutely puberulous to glabrous, caducous.

Distribution

Asia-Temperate: Taiwan (Taiwan present), Asia-Tropical: Borneo present (Sabah present, Sarawak present); Philippines (Philippines present); Sulawesi (Sulawesi present), Palawan present, Tawau present

Taiwan and Malesia; in Malesia: Borneo (rare, Sabah: Tawau; Sarawak: Sg. Kapit), Philippines (incl. Palawan), Celebes (rare).

Morphology

5Ficus cumingii and F. opposita are very closely related taxa. Considering the nature of the differentiating characters they could be treated as subspecies. In F. opposita, the margin of the lamina is more clearly and consistently revolute than in F. cumingii, in which weakly revolute margins are almost conﬁned to subcoriaceous laminas. In F. opposita, the waxy glands are often (extended) to the midrib and often fused, whereas they are usually clearly conﬁned to the axils of the basal lateral veins in F. cumingii. In F. opposita, lateral veins others than the basal ones are often branched or furcate, whereas rarely (and only in large leaves) in F. cumingii. The apex of the lamina is short-acuminate to rounded in F. opposita, whereas more longly acuminate to subcaudate in F. cumingii. In F. opposita, the ﬁg peduncles are usually longer than 0.4 cm. The patterns of variation are different in the two taxa. These differences and disjunct occurrence are reasonable arguments to keep the taxa as distinct at the species level, at least provisionally. 1This taxon is very variable and several varieties were distinguished by Corner (1960, 1965). Linear-lanceolate laminas with numerous, more than 8 pairs of lateral veins (mostly departing at angles of 90º) and large laminas (18-37 by 8-17 cm) are extremes of the variation. Both are not common. The former includes the type of the species (= F. cumingii var. cumingii) and the latter includes the type of F. worcesteri (= F. cumingii var. worcesteri). The most common form (also occurring in Taiwan) was named F. cumingii var. terminalifolia. 4The New Guinean collections inserted in F. cumingii var. androbrota are in the present treatment included in F. opposita. 2In the narrow-leaved form, the leaves are usually less frequently opposite and tend to be more often arranged in lax spirals than in the broad-leaved forms. Moreover, the basal lateral veins extend up to 1/20-1/10 the length of the lamina and the tertiary venation is reticulate. 3The narrow-leaved form is also found in Celebes and includes the type collection of F. ampelas var. linearis and that of F. fallax, although it shows traits transitional to the broader-leaved material of the species.

Citation

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 49

Corner 1965: – Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 66

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 45

Kaneh. 1917: Formos. Trees: 522

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 62

Elmer 1907 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 251

King 1888 – In: Sp. Ficus: 181

Kochummen 2000 – In: Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak: 268

Miq. 1867: – Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 292

Elmer 1906 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 53

Miq. 1912: Fl. Manila: 174

Miq. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 50

Hayata 1919: p. 121. – In: Ic. Pl. Formos.: f. 47

S. Vidal 1885: Phan. Cuming.: 145

Elmer 1937 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 3466

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 267

Merr. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 68

Merr. 1903 – In: Bull. Bur. For. Philipp.: 18

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 264

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 285

Miq. 1886: Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip.: 253

King 1888: p. 92. – In: Sp. Ficus: t.118

Miq. 1910 – In: Merr., Philipp. J. Sci.: 342

Kochummen 2000 – In: Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak: 266

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 287

Miq. 1867: – Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 292

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 62

Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 301

Náves & Fern.-Vill. 1880: Nov. App.: 200

Elmer 1914 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 2404

Corner 1965: – Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 66

Elmer 1937 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 3482

Elmer 1911 – In: Leafl. Philipp. Bot.: 1317

Sata 1944: p. 29. – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: t. 30, 31, 238, 284

Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 52