Tapura capitulifera

<<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Bicucullate lobes>Lobe number

21

1. 005-003-002-001-001

<<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Smaller lobes>Lobe number

32

2. 005-003-002-002-001

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Hairs>Colour

grey3

3. 005-002-002-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Bicucullate lobes

large bicucullate lobes4

4. 005-003-002-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Smaller lobes

slightly smaller simple lobes5

5. 005-003-002-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube>Hairs

glabrous on exterior, filled by a dense lanate mass within6

6. 005-003-003-001

<<<Flowers>Fertile stamens>Filaments>Hairs

lanate at base7

7. 005-004-002-001

<<<Flowers>Fertile stamens>Filaments>Staminodes

staminodes absent8

8. 005-004-002-002

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Style>Segment number

3-fid9

9. 005-005-003-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Acumen>Length

3-10 mm long10

10. 003-003-003-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Shape>Dimensions

5-12 x 1.8-5 cm11

11. 003-003-002-001

<<Flowers>Bracteoles>Hairs

pubescent12

12. 005-001-003

<<Flowers>Bracteoles>Length

ca. 0.5 mm long13

13. 005-001-002

<<Flowers>Bracteoles>Shape

ovate14

14. 005-001-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Hairs

-tomentellous on exterior15

15. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Calyx>Length

2-3 mm long16

16. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes

lobes unequal;17

17. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Colour

white or yellow18

18. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes

with and , united at base to form a short tube19

19. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube

tube ;20

20. 005-003-003

<<Flowers>Fertile stamens>Filaments

filaments inserted on corolla tube at base of lobes, , ;21

21. 005-004-002

<<Flowers>Fertile stamens>Stamen number

522

22. 005-004-001

<<Flowers>Ovary>Hairs

pilose on exterior23

23. 005-005-002

<<Flowers>Ovary>Locule number

3-locular24

24. 005-005-001

<<Flowers>Ovary>Style

style with apex.25

25. 005-005-003

<<Fruits>Endocarp>Hairs

glabrous within26

26. 006-006-001

<<Fruits>Epicarp>Hairs

short-dense-velutinous-tomentose27

27. 006-004-001

<<Habit>Juvenile branches>Hairs

tomentellous, soon becoming glabrous28

28. 001-002-001

<<Petiole>Blade>Acumen

acumen29

29. 003-003-003

<<Petiole>Blade>Hairs

glabrous or with a few stiff appressed hairs only beneath30

30. 003-003-005

<<Petiole>Blade>Shape

oblong to obovate-lanceolate, , acuminate at apex31 subcuneate and slightly unequal at base32

31. 003-003-002, 32. 003-003-004

<<Petiole>Blade>Texture

coriaceous33

33. 003-003-001

<<Petiole>Midrib>Secondary vein pair number

9-15 pairs34

34. 003-004-001

<Flowers>Bracteoles

bracteoles , , persistent, ;35

35. 005-001

<Flowers>Calyx

calyx , ,36

36. 005-002

<Flowers>Corolla

corolla , slightly exceeding calyx lobes, ,37

37. 005-003

<Flowers>Fertile stamens

fertile stamens , alternating with corolla lobes,38

38. 005-004

<Flowers>Ovary

ovary , ,39

39. 005-005

<Fruits>Endocarp

endocarp thin, hard, bony, .40

40. 006-006

<Fruits>Epicarp

epicarp ,41

41. 006-004

<Fruits>Length

12-18 mm long42

42. 006-002

<Fruits>Locule number

usually 1-locular43

43. 006-003

<Fruits>Mesocarps

mesocarp thin,44

44. 006-005

<Fruits>Shape

ellipsoid45

45. 006-001

<Habit>Height

to 15 m tall46

46. 001-001

<Habit>Juvenile branches

young branches .47

47. 001-002

<Petiole>Blade

blade , , , , , papillose;48

48. 003-003

<Petiole>Hairs

tomentellous when young, becoming less so with age49

49. 003-002

<Petiole>Length

5-15 mm long50

50. 003-001

<Petiole>Midrib

midrib slightly impressed above, prominent and with a sparse appressed pubescence beneath, of secondary veins, arcuate, anastomosing.51

51. 003-004

<Stipules>Hairs

pubescent52

52. 002-003

<Stipules>Length

ca. 1.5 mm long53

53. 002-002

<Stipules>Shape

triangular-lanceolate54

54. 002-001

Common Name

English (Guyana): waiaballi English (Suriname): sibalidan

Description

Tree to 15 m tall; young branches tomentellous, soon becoming glabrous. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, pubescent, caducous. Petiole 5-15 mm long, tomentellous when young, becoming less so with age, canaliculate; blade coriaceous, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 5-12 x 1.8-5 cm, acuminate at apex, acumen 3-10 mm long, subcuneate and slightly unequal at base, glabrous or with a few stiff appressed hairs only beneath, papillose; midrib slightly impressed above, prominent and with a sparse appressed pubescence beneath, 9-15 pairs of secondary veins, arcuate, anastomosing. Inflorescence a dense-flowered glomerule inserted on upper portion of petiole. Flowers hermaphrodite, sessile or subsessile; bracteoles ovate, ca. 0.5 mm long, persistent, pubescent; calyx 2-3 mm long, grey-tomentellous on exterior, lobes unequal; corolla white or yellow, slightly exceeding calyx lobes, with 2 large bicucullate lobes and 3 slightly smaller simple lobes, united at base to form a short tube, tube glabrous on exterior, filled by a dense lanate mass within; fertile stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, filaments inserted on corolla tube at base of lobes, lanate at base, staminodes absent; ovary 3-locular, pilose on exterior, style with 3-fid apex. Fruit ellipsoid, 12-18 mm long, usually 1-locular, epicarp short-dense-velutinous-tomentose, mesocarp thin, endocarp thin, hard, bony, glabrous within.

Distribution

Guianas present, Southern America: Venezuela (Venezuela present)

Venezuela, and the Guianas; (GU: 7; SU: 18; FG: 10).

Flowers

Flowers hermaphrodite, sessile or subsessile;55

55. 005

Fruits

Fruit , , ,56

56. 006

Habit

Tree ;57

57. 001

Individuals Association

Suriname, Sectie O, Stahel 133 Cr. Baboune, de Granville 4798 Guyana, A. Thompson’s Farm, S of Timehri, Maas & Westra 3609 Guyana, Demerara-Berbice Region, Tropenbos Field Station, 20 km S of Mabura Hill, road to Kurupukari, Clarke 751 Suriname, Brownsberg, Tjon Lim Sang, LBB 16277 SW of Sinnamary, piste de St. Elie, Monot 52

Inflorescences

Inflorescence a dense-flowered glomerule inserted on upper portion of petiole.58

58. 004

Notes

Tapura capitulifera is clearly distinct from T. guianensis by the floral structure, but sterile herbarium material is often impossible to distinguish. There are some small, but not consistent, vegetative differences such as the papillose under surface of the leaf, and the tendency to smaller narrower leaves in T. capitulifera. However, in both species there is much variation in leaf shape and size. This is well demonstrated in various Suriname collections where a large number of gatherings have been made from the same numbered tree over several years. Flowering herbarium material is needed to distinguish between T. guianensis and T. capitulifera. However, Dr. Jan C. Lindeman of Utrecht informs me that these two species are quite easy to distinguish in the field. T. capitulifera has a distinct pale dull grey leaf undersurface while both sides of the leaves of T. guianensis are green. Also T. capitulifera usually develops into a much larger tree.

Petiole

Petiole , , canaliculate;59

59. 003

Phenology

Flowering .

Stipules

Stipules , , , caducous.60

60. 002

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