Cyrilla racemiflora

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Ovules>Ovule number

21

1. 005-005-005-001

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Ovules>Position

pendulous from apex of locule2

2. 005-005-005-002

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Stigma>Lobe number

2-3-lobed, corresponding to number of locules3

3. 005-005-007-001

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Style>Style number

14

4. 005-005-006-001

<<<Flowers>Petals>Apex>Hairs

glabrous to rarely glandular on lower inner surface5

5. 005-002-005-002

<<<Flowers>Petals>Apex>Shape

acute, obtuse or rounded6

6. 005-002-005-001

<<<Flowers>Sepals>Apex>Hairs

glabrous7

7. 005-001-006-002

<<<Flowers>Sepals>Apex>Shape

acute to acuminate8

8. 005-001-006-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Colour

pink or purple9

9. 005-003-004-003

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Shape

linear-subulate10

10. 005-003-004-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Width

up to 0.4 mm broad11

11. 005-003-004-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments>Length

1.1-1.4 mm long12

12. 005-003-003-001

<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape>Length

0.8-2.4(-3.5) mm long13

13. 004-006-001-001

<<<Stipules>Blade>Apex>Shape

acute to rounded, sometimes emarginated (rarely apiculate)14

14. 003-002-005-001

<<<Stipules>Blade>Base>Shape

narrowly cuneate to attenuate15

15. 003-002-006-001

<<Flowers>Ovary>Hairs

glabrous16

16. 005-005-003

<<Flowers>Ovary>Length

up to 1.6(-2) mm long17

17. 005-005-004

<<Flowers>Ovary>Locule number

2-3(rarely-4)-locular18

18. 005-005-001

<<Flowers>Ovary>Ovules

ovules usually , ,19

19. 005-005-005

<<Flowers>Ovary>Shape

oblong to slightly ovate20

20. 005-005-002

<<Flowers>Ovary>Stigma

stigma entire, or .21

21. 005-005-007

<<Flowers>Ovary>Style

style , short, stout,22

22. 005-005-006

<<Flowers>Petals>Apex

apex , ;23

23. 005-002-005

<<Flowers>Petals>Colour

white24

24. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Petals>Dimensions

2(-2.4) x up to 1.1 mm25

25. 005-002-004

<<Flowers>Petals>Petal number

526

26. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Petals>Shape

oblong to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic27

27. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Sepals>Apex

apex , , persistent;28

28. 005-001-006

<<Flowers>Sepals>Colour

pink29

29. 005-001-002

<<Flowers>Sepals>Dimensions

0.6-1.5(-1.6) x up to 0.7(-1) mm30

30. 005-001-005

<<Flowers>Sepals>Sepal number

531

31. 005-001-001

<<Flowers>Sepals>Shape

lanceolate-ovate to deltoid32

32. 005-001-004

<<Flowers>Sepals>Texture

coriaceous33

33. 005-001-003

<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers

anthers terete, , , very occasionally with mucronate tip, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, ;34

34. 005-003-004

<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments

filaments flattened, ,35

35. 005-003-003

<<Flowers>Stamens>Relative distance

about 2/3 as long as petals (always shorter)36

36. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Stamen number

537

37. 005-003-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Seed number per locule

138

38. 006-006-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracteoles>Bracteole number

239

39. 004-007-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracteoles>Length

1-1.5(-1.6) mm long40

40. 004-007-003

<<Inflorescences>Bracteoles>Shape

lanceolate41

41. 004-007-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape

lanceolate-subulate, , acuminate to very acute, basally thickened and usually costate42

42. 004-006-001

<<Inflorescences>Flowers>Flower number

often numerous43

43. 004-005-001

<<Inflorescences>Flowers>Growth form

erect or pendulous44

44. 004-005-002

<<Inflorescences>Pedicels>Colour

usually pink45

45. 004-008-002

<<Inflorescences>Pedicels>Length

1.1-2 mm long (up to 4 mm when fruiting)46

46. 004-008-001

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Length

0.4-1.7 cm long (before the first bract)47

47. 004-003-001

<<Inflorescences>Rachises>Length

up to 14 cm long48

48. 004-004-001

<<Stipules>Blade>Apex

apex ,49

49. 003-002-005

<<Stipules>Blade>Base

base ;50

50. 003-002-006

<<Stipules>Blade>Dimensions

2-11(-12) (including petiole) x 0.4-2.5(-3) cm51

51. 003-002-003

<<Stipules>Blade>Margins

margin usually slightly reflexed,52

52. 003-002-004

<<Stipules>Blade>Shape

oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally linear53

53. 003-002-002

<<Stipules>Blade>Texture

subcoriaceous to coriaceous54

54. 003-002-001

<<Stipules>Midveins>Secondary veins

secondary veins straight to slightly arcuate, divergent, irregularly anastomosing.55

55. 003-003-001

<<Stipules>Petiole>Length

0.4-1.3 cm long56

56. 003-001-001

<Flowers>Nectary disc

nectary disc sometimes present;57

57. 005-004

<Flowers>Ovary

ovary , , wrinkled when dried, , ,58

58. 005-005

<Flowers>Petals

petals imbricate or slightly contorted, free or shortly fused, , , usually more membranaceous along margin, , , margins sometimes inrolled (giving the appearance of long acuminate),59

59. 005-002

<Flowers>Sepals

sepals free, or basally connate, , , , usually with basal thickening, , ,60

60. 005-001

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens , ,61

61. 005-003

<Fruits>Colour

green immature, red (pink) at maturity62

62. 006-001

<Fruits>Dimensions

2.5-(3) x up to (0.9-)2(-3) mm63

63. 006-003

<Fruits>Hairs

glabrous64

64. 006-004

<Fruits>Seeds

seeds per locule, elongate.65

65. 006-006

<Fruits>Shape

subglobose to globose or conic-ellipsoid66

66. 006-002

<Fruits>Stigma

stigma usually persistent;67

67. 006-005

<Habit>Growth form

sometimes multistemmed, occasionally spreading with vine-like branches, rarely branched at base68

68. 001-002

<Habit>Height

up to 7-15 m tall69

69. 001-001

<Inflorescences>Bracteoles

bracteoles , usually above middle of pedicel, alternate or opposite, , , persistent;70

70. 004-007

<Inflorescences>Bracts

bract , persistent;71

71. 004-006

<Inflorescences>Flowers

flowers, ;72

72. 004-005

<Inflorescences>Hairs

glabrous73

73. 004-002

<Inflorescences>Pedicels

pedicels ascending or slightly patent, alternate or subopposite, , .74

74. 004-008

<Inflorescences>Peduncle

peduncle ;75

75. 004-003

<Inflorescences>Position

axillary, usually near end of branches76

76. 004-001

<Inflorescences>Rachises

rachis , usually somewhat ridged;77

77. 004-004

<Stipules>Blade

blade , , ,78

78. 003-002

<Stipules>Midveins

midvein generally depressed above, prominent beneath, densely reticulate, slightly prominent or obscure above,79

79. 003-003

<Stipules>Petiole

petiole usually short (nearly subsessile), slightly winged, ;80

80. 003-001

Common Name

English (Guyana): kakiratti, karawasjipio, koewaliroemang, krawasjirang, kwako, warimiri howadanni

Description

Shrub or small tree, up to 7-15 m tall, sometimes multistemmed, occasionally spreading with vine-like branches, rarely branched at base. Leaf scars prominent. Stipules inconspicuous (caducous) or absent; petiole usually short (nearly subsessile), slightly winged, 0.4-1.3 cm long; blade subcoriaceous to coriaceous, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally linear, 2-11(-12) (including petiole) x 0.4-2.5(-3) cm, margin usually slightly reflexed, apex acute to rounded, sometimes emarginated (rarely apiculate), base narrowly cuneate to attenuate; midvein generally depressed above, prominent beneath, densely reticulate, slightly prominent or obscure above, secondary veins straight to slightly arcuate, divergent, irregularly anastomosing. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, usually near end of branches, glabrous; peduncle 0.4-1.7 cm long (before the first bract); rachis up to 14 cm long, usually somewhat ridged; often numerous flowers, erect or pendulous; bract lanceolate-subulate, 0.8-2.4(-3.5) mm long, acuminate to very acute, basally thickened and usually costate, persistent; bracteoles 2, usually above middle of pedicel, alternate or opposite, lanceolate, 1-1.5(-1.6) mm long, persistent; pedicels ascending or slightly patent, alternate or subopposite, 1.1-2 mm long (up to 4 mm when fruiting), usually pink. Flowers actinomorphic; sepals free, or basally connate, 5, pink, coriaceous, usually with basal thickening, lanceolate-ovate to deltoid, 0.6-1.5(-1.6) x up to 0.7(-1) mm, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous, persistent; petals imbricate or slightly contorted, free or shortly fused, 5, white, usually more membranaceous along margin, oblong to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 2(-2.4) x up to 1.1 mm, margins sometimes inrolled (giving the appearance of long acuminate), apex acute, obtuse or rounded, glabrous to rarely glandular on lower inner surface; stamens 5, about 2/3 as long as petals (always shorter), filaments flattened, 1.1-1.4 mm long, anthers terete, linear-subulate, up to 0.4 mm broad, very occasionally with mucronate tip, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, pink or purple; nectary disc sometimes present; ovary 2-3(rarely-4)-locular, oblong to slightly ovate, wrinkled when dried, glabrous, up to 1.6(-2) mm long, ovules usually 2, pendulous from apex of locule, style 1, short, stout, stigma entire, or 2-3-lobed, corresponding to number of locules. Fruit dry, indehiscent, green immature, red (pink) at maturity, subglobose to globose or conic-ellipsoid, 2.5-(3) x up to (0.9-)2(-3) mm, usually smooth (rarely slightly rugulose), glabrous, stigma usually persistent; seeds 1 per locule, elongate.

Distribution

C America present, Guianas present present, Northern America, SE U.S.A present, Southern America: Venezuela (Venezuela present)

SE U.S.A., Mexico, C America, West Indies, Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil; 226 specimens examined of which 97 from the Guianas (GU: 93; SU: 3; FG: 1).

Flowers

Flowers actinomorphic;81

81. 005

Fruits

Fruit dry, indehiscent, , , , usually smooth (rarely slightly rugulose), ,82

82. 006

Habit

Shrub or small tree, , .83

83. 001

Individuals Association

Guyana, Upper Mazaruni R., Arubaru R., Kako tributary, Pinkus 190 Guyana, SSE Georgetown, vicinity of St. Cuthbert’s Village, Mori et al. 8044 Guyana, Rockstone, Gleason 486 Suriname, Maratakka R., Saparra Cr., Maas LBB 10868 Suriname, Maratakka R., Boschwezen 3429 Guyana, Kaieteur Plateau, Maguire et al. 23106 Suriname, Maratakka R., Boschwezen 946 Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni Region, Kaieteur Nat. Park, Gillespie et al. 917 Oyapock R., Oldeman B-1474 Guyana, E Berbice-Corentyne Region, Canje R., W of Digitima Cr., Pipoly et al. 9516 Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni Region, Pakaraima Mts., Mutchnick et al. 182 Guyana, Liesner 23327

Inflorescences

Inflorescence racemose, , ;84

84. 004

Leaf scars

Leaf scars prominent.85

85. 002

Notes

The examined specimens showed a striking and considerable amount of variation in size and shape and even texture in almost all the features from the leaves, flowers and fruits. It is difficult to assess whether one or more of these characters might characterise distinguishable taxa. Despite Thomas (1960) acknowledges that some characters (e.g. leaves, mucronate stamens, bracts and fruits) exhibit interesting variation patterns, the author concluded that Cyrilla racemiflora is very polymorphic and should be considered as a single species. For the same reason, all these variable phenotypes have been considered part of Cyrilla racemiflora for the region studied.
The collection Im Thurn 334, is mounted on the same sheet with Quelch & McConnell 88 and 318. Im Thurn 334 is chosen as lectotype of Cyrilla brevifolia N.E. Brown, it has branches with flowers and branches with fruits. Moreover, there is a duplicate housed at BM.

Stipules

Stipules inconspicuous (caducous) or absent;86

86. 003

Uses

Planted as an ornamental in the USA. In the West Indies, the species is esteemed among honey producers due to its nectar-rich flowers, which are present over an extended period of time (Ståhl, 2004).

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