Cheiloclinium cognatum
Description
Small tree or shrub; branches often scandent, young branches quadrangular. Petiole 3-8 mm long; blades chartaceous, brownish green or glaucescent above when dried, yellowish green below, narrowly elliptic, ovate or oblong, 8-20(-28) x 2.5-7(-9) cm, margins crenulate, apex acuminate or cuspidate, acumen to 2.5 cm long, base obtuse, rounded or acute; primary vein prominent on both surfaces, secondary veins 6-12 per side, widely arcuately ascending, slightly impressed to prominulous above, prominulous below, tertiary veins inconspicuous above, slightly prominulous or indistinct below, often at right angles from the primary vein. Inflorescence thyrsoid, 2-10 cm long with short branches that thicken in the fruiting stage; peduncle ca. 5 mm long; bracts oblong-ovate, acute, 1.5-2 mm; pedicels less than 1 mm long, stout. Flowers to ca. 5 mm diam.; sepals green or yellow to deep-brown, deltoid-ovate to semiorbicular, 0.7-1.3 x 1.2-1.7 mm; petals thin-camose, brownish red or dark yellow with crimson margins or brownish orange, dotted or lineate, elliptic or obovate, 1.5-2.6 x 1.2-2 mm; disk consisting of 3 staminiferous pockets, 0.3-0.4 mm high; filaments 0.4-0.7 mm long, anthers 0.2 x 0.3 mm; ovary 1-1.8 mm diam., ovules 2 per locule, stigmas linear, entire, the tips to 0.5 mm long. Fruit on thickened pedicel, coriaceous, often lenticellate, green, greenish yellow or orange, usually with 3 paler, longitudinal bands, globose, oblong-ellipsoid, or somewhat trigonous (occasionally peanut-shaped), 3.5-5 x 3 cm, with long persistent perianth, pericarp 1-2 mm thick; seeds 3-6, angled, to 1.5 cm long, red or dark brown.
Distribution
Guianas present, Northern S. America present, Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon present, Southern America: Brazil Southeast (Minas Gerais present); Costa Rica (Costa Rica present); Panamá (Panamá present), Tobago present
Widespread from Costa Rica to Panama, Tobago, to Northern S. America, Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon, and in Brazil south to Minas Gerais; more than 200 collections studied, ca. 90 from the Guianas (GU: 7; SU: 44; FG: 38).
Common Name
English (French Guiana): eu-pohnh'tan, tabu miln, tatumik; English (Guyana): monkey syrup; English (Suriname): bofroe- tiki, manara-tiki
Notes
Miers did not designate a type and cited 4 collections from Brazil: Gardner 3046, 2788, and Burchell 6328, and 7410. The latter specimen is the only one with both flowers and fruits and, therefore, it has been chosen as the lectotype.
A.C. Smith distinguishedC. lineolatum by the more conspicuous leaf venation, by the length of the pedicels and of the inflorescence, and by the quadrangularity of the branchlets. With more collections available there appears to be a continuous variation in the above mentioned characters and there is no reason to keep C. lineolatum apart from C. cognatum .
A.C. Smith distinguished