Roupala montana

<<<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Margins>Margin type>Teeth number

3-201

1. 004-004-005-001-001

<<<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Margins>Margin type>Teeth pair number

7-92

2. 004-006-005-001-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Apex>Shape

acute to attenuate3

3. 004-004-004-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Base>Shape

strongly to weakly asymmetrical, cuneate to angustate, acute to rounded4

4. 004-004-003-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Margins>Margin type

serrate with teeth, rarely entire5

5. 004-004-005-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

3-6 pairs6

6. 004-004-006-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Apex>Shape

acute to attenuate7

7. 004-006-004-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Base>Shape

symmetrical to asymmetrical, attenuate, sometimes rounded to almost truncate8

8. 004-006-003-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Margins>Margin type

serrate with pairs of teeth9

9. 004-006-005-001

<<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

ca. 3 pairs10

10. 004-006-006-001

<<<Compound leaves>Length>Length>Petiole length

4.5-11.4 cm long11

11. 004-001-001-001

<<<Flowers>Filaments>Anthers>Dimensions

1.5-3 x 0.4-0.8 mm12

12. 007-003-003-001

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Hairs>Colour

light brown, orange, ferrugineous to rufous13

13. 007-005-002-002

<<<Flowers>Ovary>Hairs>Relative distance

extending to 1-3 mm from base14

14. 007-005-002-001

<<<Fruits>Apex>Hairs>Colour

light brown to dark brown, apressed pilose, or densely velutinous when young, hairs light brown to orange-brown to rufous15

15. 009-003-002-001

<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins>Hairs

fimbriate, to densely short tomentose outside, glabrous within16

16. 005-006-002-001

<<<Inflorescences>Indumentum>Hairs>Colour

light brown, brown17

17. 005-003-001-001

<<<Simple leaves>Blade>Apex>Shape

acute or obtuse and narrow-attenuate, or rounded18

18. 003-002-005-001

<<<Simple leaves>Blade>Base>Shape

acute, obtuse, rounded, sharply decurrent19

19. 003-002-004-001

<<<Simple leaves>Blade>Margins>Margin type

entire, undulate, or serrate20

20. 003-002-006-001

<<<Simple leaves>Blade>Margins>Teeth pair number

3-2221

21. 003-002-006-002

<<<Simple leaves>Petiole>Dimensions>Length

1-6 cm long22

22. 003-001-001-001

<<<Simple leaves>Petiole>Dimensions>Width

1-2 mm broad at midlength23

23. 003-001-001-002

<<<Simple leaves>Petiole>Hairs>Colour

ferrugineous-to grey24

24. 003-001-002-001

<<<Simple leaves>Veins>Secondary veins>Marginal veins

marginal vein thick and prominent below, single or double fractiflexed25

25. 003-003-002-002

<<<Simple leaves>Veins>Secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

4-9 pairs26

26. 003-003-002-001

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Apex

apex ,27

27. 004-004-004

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Base

base ,28

28. 004-004-003

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Dimensions

6.2-12.2 x 1.2-4.3 cm29

29. 004-004-001

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Length relative to width

(length:breadth 1.9-6.5:1)30

30. 004-004-002

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Margins

margin ;31

31. 004-004-005

<<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets>Secondary veins

secondary veins ;32

32. 004-004-006

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Apex

apex ,33

33. 004-006-004

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Base

base ,34

34. 004-006-003

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Dimensions

7.6-11.1 x 2.7-7.6 cm35

35. 004-006-001

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Length relative to width

(length:breadth 1.3-3.7:1)36

36. 004-006-002

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Margins

margin ,37

37. 004-006-005

<<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets>Secondary veins

secondary veins38

38. 004-006-006

<<Compound leaves>Leaflets>Leaflet pair number

4-8 pairs39

39. 004-002-001

<<Compound leaves>Length>Length

19.7-33 cm long (including petiole)40

40. 004-001-001

<<Compound leaves>Petiolule lateral leaflets>Length

0-5 mm long41

41. 004-003-001

<<Compound leaves>Petiolule terminal leaflets>Length

2-2.3(-4) cm long42

42. 004-005-001

<<Flowers>Filaments>Anthers

anthers ;43

43. 007-003-003

<<Flowers>Filaments>Length

0-0.8 mm long44

44. 007-003-001

<<Flowers>Filaments>Relative distance

attached to tepals 2-6.5 mm from base45

45. 007-003-002

<<Flowers>Glands>Length

0.2-0.6 mm long46

46. 007-004-001

<<Flowers>Glands>Lobes

lobes free;47

47. 007-004-003

<<Flowers>Glands>Texture

fleshy48

48. 007-004-002

<<Flowers>Ovary>Hairs

hairs , covering entire ovary or lower on one side, short-sericeous, hairs49

49. 007-005-002

<<Flowers>Ovary>Shape

symmetrical or asymmetrical, more curved on one side than on the other (like half a pair)50

50. 007-005-001

<<Fruits>Apex>Constriction

constricted to 4 mm51

51. 009-003-001

<<Fruits>Apex>Hairs

, glabrescent, glabrous at maturity52

52. 009-003-002

<<Fruits>Base>Constriction

constricted for 3-6 mm53

53. 009-002-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Dimensions

1.8-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm54

54. 009-004-001

<<Habit>Bark>Colour

usually light brown when young, dark grey, dark purple to red-grey or red-brown after peeling of outer layer55

55. 001-003-001

<<Habit>Juvenile branches>Colour

light brown56

56. 001-002-001

<<Habit>Juvenile branches>Hairs

short-appressed-pilose, rapidly glabrescent57

57. 001-002-002

<<Habit>Lenticels>Lenticel number

numerous58

58. 001-004-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Dimensions

0.4-1.3 x 0.3-2.5 mm59

59. 005-006-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins

margin ;60

60. 005-006-002

<<Inflorescences>Indumentum>Hairs

, short, sparsely61

61. 005-003-001

<<Inflorescences>Pedicels>Dimensions

1.5-4.5 x 0.3-1 mm62

62. 005-008-001

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Dimensions

0.5-3 cm x 0.8-2.5 mm63

63. 005-004-001

<<Infructescences>Fruit pedicels>Dimensions

2-5 x 0.8-1.5 mm64

64. 008-003-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Colour

drying pale grey green, glaucous to mid brown65

65. 002-001-002

<<Leaves>Blade>Hairs

sparsely pilose, glabrescent, hairs often persistent along lower midvein and below66

66. 002-001-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Texture

chartaceous to very rigid-coriaceous67

67. 002-001-001

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Apex

apex ,68

68. 003-002-005

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Base

base ,69

69. 003-002-004

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Dimensions

4-14 x 2-9 cm70

70. 003-002-002

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Length relative to width

(length:breadth 1.2-3:1)71

71. 003-002-003

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Margins

margin revolute or not, with pairs of teeth;72

72. 003-002-006

<<Simple leaves>Blade>Shape

from narrowly ovate to widely ovate, elliptic to widely elliptic, oblong, and more rarely suborbiculate73

73. 003-002-001

<<Simple leaves>Petiole>Dimensions

x74

74. 003-001-001

<<Simple leaves>Petiole>Hairs

sparsely to densely -velutinous or appressed-tomentose to pilose, glabrescent75

75. 003-001-002

<<Simple leaves>Veins>Midveins

midvein reaching apex,76

76. 003-003-001

<<Simple leaves>Veins>Secondary veins

secondary veins , .77

77. 003-003-002

<Compound leaves>Blade lateral leaflets

blade lateral leaflets ,78

78. 004-004

<Compound leaves>Blade terminal leaflets

blade ,79

79. 004-006

<Compound leaves>Leaflets

leaflets ;80

80. 004-002

<Compound leaves>Length

;81

81. 004-001

<Compound leaves>Petiolule lateral leaflets

petiolules lateral leaflets ,82

82. 004-003

<Compound leaves>Petiolule terminal leaflets

petiolule terminal leaflet ,83

83. 004-005

<Flower buds>Section

square to rounded in section84

84. 006-003

<Flower buds>Width

0.8-1.7 mm broad85 0.5-1 mm broad at midlength86

85. 006-001, 86. 006-002

<Flowers>Filaments

filaments , ,87

87. 007-003

<Flowers>Glands

hypogynous glands , ,88

88. 007-004

<Flowers>Hairs

glabrous, to very sparsely shortly-appressed-pilose, to densely pilose89

89. 007-002

<Flowers>Length

7-9 mm long90

90. 007-001

<Flowers>Ovary

ovary , .91

91. 007-005

<Fruits>Apex

apex not constricted or , including persistent style base, straight or curved until perpendicular to unsutured side, marginal vein inconspicuous to conspicuous, venation sometimes conspicuous on suface, ;92

92. 009-003

<Fruits>Base

base ,93

93. 009-002

<Fruits>Dimensions

2-3.5 x 0.8-1.5 cm94

94. 009-001

<Fruits>Seeds

seeds .95

95. 009-004

<Habit>Bark

bark ;96

96. 001-003

<Habit>Height

1-8(-15) m tall97

97. 001-001

<Habit>Juvenile branches

young branches , ;98

98. 001-002

<Habit>Lenticels

lenticels , usually inconspicuous.99

99. 001-004

<Inflorescences>Bracts

common bracts ,100

100. 005-006

<Inflorescences>Dimensions

5-20 cm x 1.7-2.8 mm101

101. 005-002

<Inflorescences>Flowers

flower-pair axis absent;102

102. 005-007

<Inflorescences>Indumentum

indument103

103. 005-003

<Inflorescences>Pedicels

pedicels .104

104. 005-008

<Inflorescences>Peduncle

peduncle ;105

105. 005-004

<Inflorescences>Position

axillary, occasionally terminal106

106. 005-001

<Inflorescences>Sterile bracts

sterile bracts few to abundant towards base;107

107. 005-005

<Infructescences>Fruit pedicels

fruit pedicels .108

108. 008-003

<Infructescences>Hairs

glabrous to puberulent or sparsely tomentose109

109. 008-002

<Infructescences>Length

5-19 cm long110

110. 008-001

<Leaves>Blade

blade , ,111

111. 002-001

<Simple leaves>Blade

blade extremely variable, , ,112

112. 003-002

<Simple leaves>Petiole

petiole, sometimes canaliculate, ;113

113. 003-001

<Simple leaves>Veins

venation obscure to conspicuous, slightly impressed, plane, or slightly raised above, usually conspicuous and prominent below, semicamptodromous,114

114. 003-003

Common Name

English (French Guiana): roupale

Compound leaves

Compound leaves:115

115. 004

Description

Shrub or tree 1-8(-15) m tall; young branches light brown, short-appressed-pilose, rapidly glabrescent; bark usually light brown when young, dark grey, dark purple to red-grey or red-brown after peeling of outer layer; lenticels numerous, usually inconspicuous. Leaves simple in mature plants, rarely compound, blade chartaceous to very rigid-coriaceous, drying pale grey green, glaucous to mid brown, sparsely pilose, glabrescent, hairs often persistent along lower midvein and belowSimple leaf: petiole1-6 cm long x 1-2 mm broad at midlength, sometimes canaliculate, sparsely to densely ferrugineous-to grey-velutinous or appressed-tomentose to pilose, glabrescent; blade extremely variable, from narrowly ovate to widely ovate, elliptic to widely elliptic, oblong, and more rarely suborbiculate, 4-14 x 2-9 cm(length:breadth 1.2-3:1), base acute, obtuse, rounded, sharply decurrent, apex acute or obtuse and narrow-attenuate, or rounded, margin revolute or not, entire, undulate, or serrate with 3-22 pairs of teeth; venation obscure to conspicuous, slightly impressed, plane, or slightly raised above, usually conspicuous and prominent below, semicamptodromous, midvein reaching apex, secondary veins 4-9 pairs, marginal vein thick and prominent below, single or double fractiflexed. Compound leaves: 19.7-33 cm long (including 4.5-11.4 cm long petiole); leaflets 4-8 pairs; petiolules lateral leaflets 0-5 mm long, blade lateral leaflets 6.2-12.2 x 1.2-4.3 cm(length:breadth 1.9-6.5:1), base strongly to weakly asymmetrical, cuneate to angustate, acute to rounded, apex acute to attenuate, margin serrate with 3-20 teeth, rarely entire; secondary veins 3-6 pairs; petiolule terminal leaflet 2-2.3(-4) cm long, blade 7.6-11.1 x 2.7-7.6 cm(length:breadth 1.3-3.7:1), base symmetrical to asymmetrical, attenuate, sometimes rounded to almost truncate, apex acute to attenuate, margin serrate with 7-9 pairs of teeth, secondary veins ca. 3 pairsInflorescence axillary, occasionally terminal, unbranched, 5-20 cm x 1.7-2.8 mm, indument light brown, brown, short, sparsely; peduncle 0.5-3 cm x 0.8-2.5 mm; sterile bracts few to abundant towards base; common bracts 0.4-1.3 x 0.3-2.5 mm, margin fimbriate, to densely short tomentose outside, glabrous within; flower-pair axis absent; pedicels 1.5-4.5 x 0.3-1 mm. Flower buds 0.8-1.7 mm broad at apex, 0.5-1 mm broad at midlength, square to rounded in section. Flowers 7-9 mm long, glabrous, to very sparsely shortly-appressed-pilose, to densely pilose; filaments 0-0.8 mm long, attached to tepals 2-6.5 mm from base, anthers 1.5-3 x 0.4-0.8 mm; hypogynous glands 0.2-0.6 mm long, fleshy, lobes free; ovary symmetrical or asymmetrical, more curved on one side than on the other (like half a pair), hairs extending to 1-3 mm from base, covering entire ovary or lower on one side, short-sericeous, hairs light brown, orange, ferrugineous to rufous. Infructescence 5-19 cm long, glabrous to puberulent or sparsely tomentose; fruit pedicels 2-5 x 0.8-1.5 mm. Fruit 2-3.5 x 0.8-1.5 cm, both sutured and unsutured sides curved equally or sutured side curved more strongly, base constricted for 3-6 mm, apex not constricted or constricted to 4 mm, including persistent style base, straight or curved until perpendicular to unsutured side, marginal vein inconspicuous to conspicuous, venation sometimes conspicuous on suface, light brown to dark brown, apressed pilose, or densely velutinous when young, hairs light brown to orange-brown to rufous, glabrescent, glabrous at maturity; seeds 1.8-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm.

Distribution

Argentina present, C America present, Northern America, S America present, Southern America: Bolivia (Bolivia present); Paraguay (Paraguay present), Tobago present, Trinidad present, southern Brazil present

From Mexico, throughout C America, Trinidad and Tobago, and widespread in S America to southern Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay; (GU: 13; SU: 7; FG: 6).

Flower buds

Flower buds at apex, , .116

116. 006

Flowers

Flowers , ;117

117. 007

Fruits

Fruit , both sutured and unsutured sides curved equally or sutured side curved more strongly,118

118. 009

Habit

Shrub or tree ;119

119. 001

Individuals Association

Suriname, 5 km E of confluence of Lucie and Oost Rs., Irwin et al. 55692 Bordelaise Savanna, SW of Cayenne, Route du Tour de l’Ile, Cremers 7830 Guyana, Pakaraima Mts., Mt. Warinatepu, just N of Paruima Mission, Maas et al. 5635 anno 1845, Mélinon s.n. Guyana, Rupununi Savanna, Mt. Shiriri, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 524 Suriname, Brazilian frontier, E Sipaliwini Savanna, N slopes of “4-Gebroeders” Mts., Oldenburger et al. 145

Inflorescences

Inflorescence , unbranched, , ;120

120. 005

Infructescences

Infructescence , ;121

121. 008

Leaves

Leaves simple in mature plants, rarely compound,122

122. 002

Notes

This species has 4 varieties (Prance et al. 2007: 132), only var. montana occurs in the Guianas.

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting , with fruiting specimens also relatively abundant for

Simple leaves

Simple leaf:123

123. 003

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