Terminalia catappa

<<<<Infructescences>Fruits>Base>Ridges or wings>Width

up to 6 mm wide along full length on each lateral edge1

1. 005-001-005-002-001

<<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Bisexual flowers>Length

3-7 mm long2

2. 004-004-001-001

<<<Infructescences>Fruits>Apex>Shape

acute to acuminate or stoutly beaked3

3. 005-001-004-001

<<<Infructescences>Fruits>Base>Ridges or wings

obscure to conspicuous ridge or wing4

4. 005-001-005-002

<<<Infructescences>Fruits>Base>Shape

rounded to broadly cuneate5

5. 005-001-005-001

<<<Leaves>Veins>Secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

6-12 pairs6

6. 002-007-001-001

<<Flowers>Bisexual flowers>Dimensions

6-10 x 4-7 mm7

7. 004-003-001

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Growth form

erect to patent or slightly recurved when at full anthesis8

8. 004-006-001

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Hairs

nearly glabrous9

9. 004-006-003

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Length

1-1.5 mm long10

10. 004-006-002

<<Flowers>Disk>Hairs

villous11

11. 004-008-001

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Bisexual flowers

in bisexual flowers12

12. 004-004-001

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Hairs

appressed-pubescent, usually densely so near base and sparsely so near apex13

13. 004-004-002

<<Flowers>Male flowers>Dimensions

3-5 x 4-7 mm14

14. 004-002-001

<<Flowers>Stamens>Length

2-4 mm long15

15. 004-007-001

<<Flowers>Style>Hairs

glabrous16

16. 004-009-002

<<Flowers>Style>Length

3-3.5 mm long17

17. 004-009-001

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Hairs

sparsely pubescent18

18. 004-005-003

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Length

1-2 mm long19

19. 004-005-002

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Shape

cupuliform or campanulate20

20. 004-005-001

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Hairs

glabrous to sparsely pubescent21

21. 003-002-002

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Length

3-5.5 cm long22

22. 003-002-001

<<Inflorescences>Rachises>Hairs

pubescent23

23. 003-003-002

<<Inflorescences>Rachises>Length

(5-)10-27 cm long24

24. 003-003-001

<<Infructescences>Fruits>Apex

apex ,25

25. 005-001-004

<<Infructescences>Fruits>Base

base , .26

26. 005-001-005

<<Infructescences>Fruits>Dimensions

(3.5-)4-8 x 3-5.5 cm27

27. 005-001-002

<<Infructescences>Fruits>Hairs

glabrous28

28. 005-001-001

<<Infructescences>Fruits>Shape

ovoid to ellipsoid, slightly compressed29

29. 005-001-003

<<Leaves>Apex>Shape

rounded to shortly acuminate30

30. 002-004-001

<<Leaves>Base>Hairs

glabrous above, glabrous to appressed-pubescent below31

31. 002-005-002

<<Leaves>Base>Shape

usually cordate to subcordate (rarely rounded, subtruncate or cuneate32

32. 002-005-001

<<Leaves>Petiole>Hairs

pubescent33

33. 002-011-002

<<Leaves>Petiole>Length

0.5-2.5 cm long34

34. 002-011-001

<<Leaves>Veins>Intersecondary veins

intersecondary veins present;35

35. 002-007-002

<<Leaves>Veins>Secondary veins

secondary veins , moderately spaced to distant, originating at moderately to widely acute angles, curved distally, prominent,36

36. 002-007-001

<Flowers>Bisexual flowers

(bisexual)37

37. 004-003

<Flowers>Calyx lobes

calyx lobes , , ;38

38. 004-006

<Flowers>Disk

disk ;39

39. 004-008

<Flowers>Lower hypanthium

lower hypanthium , ,40

40. 004-004

<Flowers>Male flowers

(male)41

41. 004-002

<Flowers>Merosity

5-merous42

42. 004-001

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens ;43

43. 004-007

<Flowers>Style

style , .44

44. 004-009

<Flowers>Upper hypanthium

upper hypanthium , , ;45

45. 004-005

<Habit>Height

2-35 m46

46. 001-001

<Inflorescences>Length

(8-)13-30 cm long47

47. 003-001

<Inflorescences>Peduncle

peduncle , ;48

48. 003-002

<Inflorescences>Rachises

rhachis , .49

49. 003-003

<Infructescences>Fruits

fruit drupaceous but rather fibrous, , , ,50

50. 005-001

<Leaves>Apex

apex ,51

51. 002-004

<Leaves>Areolation

areolation randomly reticulate, imperfect or incomplete;52

52. 002-010

<Leaves>Base

base tapering to ), ;53

53. 002-005

<Leaves>Dimensions

(8-)12-30(-38) x (5-)9-15(-22) cm54

54. 002-003

<Leaves>Domatia

domatia bowl-shaped, always present;55

55. 002-006

<Leaves>Petiole

petiole , , usually biglandular.56

56. 002-011

<Leaves>Quaternary veins

quaternary veins sometimes conspicuous;57

57. 002-009

<Leaves>Shape

obovate to broadly so or rarely elliptic-obovate58

58. 002-002

<Leaves>Tertiary veins

tertiary veins usually irregularly percurrent, often alternate and oblique;59

59. 002-008

<Leaves>Texture

chartaceous60

60. 002-001

<Leaves>Veins

venation eucamptodromous-brochidodromous,61

61. 002-007

Citation

L. 1767 – In: Mant. Pl. p 128

Common Name

English (Suriname): amandelboom, mantara English: almendro, indian almond

Description

Evergreen to briefly deciduous tree 2-35 m. Leaves chartaceous, obovate to broadly so or rarely elliptic-obovate, (8-)12-30(-38) x (5-)9-15(-22) cm, apex rounded to shortly acuminate, base tapering to usually cordate to subcordate (rarely rounded, subtruncate or cuneate), glabrous above, glabrous to appressed-pubescent below; domatia bowl-shaped, always present; venation eucamptodromous-brochidodromous, secondary veins 6-12 pairs, moderately spaced to distant, originating at moderately to widely acute angles, curved distally, prominent, intersecondary veins present; tertiary veins usually irregularly percurrent, often alternate and oblique; quaternary veins sometimes conspicuous; areolation randomly reticulate, imperfect or incomplete; petiole 0.5-2.5 cm long, pubescent, usually biglandular. Inflorescence (8-)13-30 cm long, simple, andromonoecious, with bisexual flowers few and near base; peduncle 3-5.5 cm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; rhachis (5-)10-27 cm long, pubescent. Flowers 5-merous, 3-5 x 4-7 mm (male) or 6-10 x 4-7 mm (bisexual); lower hypanthium 3-7 mm long in bisexual flowers, appressed-pubescent, usually densely so near base and sparsely so near apex,upper hypanthium cupuliform or campanulate, 1-2 mm long, sparsely pubescent; calyx lobes erect to patent or slightly recurved when at full anthesis, 1-1.5 mm long, nearly glabrous; stamens 2-4 mm long; disk villous; style 3-3.5 mm long, glabrous. Infructescence with few fruits near base of rhachis; fruit drupaceous but rather fibrous, glabrous, (3.5-)4-8 x 3-5.5 cm, ovoid to ellipsoid, slightly compressed, apex acute to acuminate or stoutly beaked, base rounded to broadly cuneate, obscure to conspicuous ridge or wing up to 6 mm wide along full length on each lateral edge.

Distribution

Guianas present, India to the extreme SE present, NE Australia present, Neotropics, Polynesia present, tropical Asia

Native in tropical Asia, probably from India to the extreme SE, and in Polynesia and NE Australia, naturalised throughout the Neotropics; most American herbarium material does not make it clear whether the specimen came from naturalised (wild) or cultivated trees; about 20 specimens from the Guianas (GU: 5; SU: 6; FG: 9).

Flowers

Flowers , or ;62

62. 004

Habit

Evergreen to briefly deciduous tree .63

63. 001

Individuals Association

Guyana, Barima-Waini Region, Shell Beach camp, 5 miles SE of Waini Point, Hollowell et al. 264 Île de Grand Connétable, Lescure 272 Suriname, Marowijne, near Albina, Marowijne R., Versteeg 553

Inflorescences

Inflorescence , simple, andromonoecious, with bisexual flowers few and near base;64

64. 003

Infructescences

Infructescence with few fruits near base of rhachis;65

65. 005

Leaves

Leaves , , ,66

66. 002

Phenology

Flowers and fruits are found , even in one locality.

Uses

Widely grown as an ornamental and for shade. The fruits have a spongy mesocarp and are well adapted for water dispersal. The kernels (seeds) are eaten like almonds.

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