Ficus microcarpa
Content
Description
Tree up to 30 m tall or shrub, hemi-epiphytic or (secondarily?) terrestrial, with copious aerial roots on the branches.
internal hairs present, white, abundant to sparse or absent.
Leaves spirally arranged;
stipules 0.5-1(-1.5) cm long, often ± involute when dry, glabrous (or minutely white puberulous), caducous.
Ovary partly (or entirely) red.
Distribution
Alor present, Ambon present, Asia-Temperate, Asia-Tropical: Borneo present; India present; Jawa (Jawa present); Lesser Sunda Is. present (Bali present); Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia present); Maluku (Maluku present); New Guinea present; Philippines (Philippines present); Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka present); Sulawesi (Sulawesi present); Sumatera (Sumatera present); Thailand (Thailand present), Australasia: Queensland (Queensland present), Bonin Islands present, Buru present, Carolines present, Ceram present, Christmas Island present present, Flores present, Halmahera present, Kai Islands present, Morotai present, New Britain present, New Ireland present, Palau present, Ryukyu Islands present, S Japan present, Sangi present, Solomon Islands present, Sumbawa present, Talaud Islands present, Ternate present, Truk Islands present
Sri Lanka, through India and China to S Japan and the Ryukyu Islands and through Thailand to Malesia extending to the Solomon Islands and Australia (Queensland), also in the Bonin Islands, Christmas Island and Cocos Island, and the Carolines (Palau and Truk Islands); in Malesia: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java (incl. Christmas Island), Lesser Sunda Islands (Alor, Bali, Flores, Sumbawa), Borneo, Philippines, Celebes (incl. Sangi and Talaud Islands) Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Buru, Ceram, Ambon, Kai Islands), New Guinea (incl. New Britain and New Ireland).
Notes
3The species resembles F. pallescens from which it differs in the presence of hairs on the fig wall inside, the usually obtuse acumen of the lamina, and the tertiary venation that runs more clearly parallel to the lateral veins. It also resembles Form C of F. sumatrana which can be distinguished by the fully closed ostiole and the absence of internal hairs.
2The varieties hillii, rigo, and saffordii, recognized by
Corner (), are excluded from the species, as they are almost certainly taxa distinct at the species level; F. rigo occurs in the Malesian region. 1The species is quite variable. In the western part of the Malesian region, it is rather uniform with the lamina elliptic to oblong to subobovate with a cuneate to obtuse base and an acuminate to obtuse apex. The petiole is usually up to 1 cm long, but in the Philippines, Tanimbar Islands, and some of the Lesser Sunda Islands, it is often longer, up to 2 (or 3) cm. The figs are sessile, the upper ostiolar bracts are just not fully imbricate, internal hairs are present, and the tepals are usually partly dark red.
In the eastern part of the region, the lamina is often broadly elliptic to suborbicular and then often with rounded apex and a rounded base (as in E Java, Mindanao (Philippines), Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, and also in Australia (Queensland), Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan). Moreover, the lamina is sometimes large, longer than 10 cm long and more than 5 cm broad (in Celebes, Moluccas, Sumbawa, and New Guinea). The figs are in eastern New Guinea (and the Solomon Islands) pedunculate to subsessile with caducous basal bracts (var. naumannii); the receptacles of those in Celebes and the Moluccas are often relatively large, 0.8-1 cm diameter. The upper ostiolar bracts are usually just fully imbricate, the internal hairs often absent (or very sparse), and the tepals are pale. Material with the ± typical shape of the lamina and that with broad laminas are found in the same area and both types of lamina are found in material with pedunculate figs. It is not (yet) possible to disentangle the variation in the eastern part of the range of distribution by distinguishing infraspecific taxa (varieties) and neither to distinguish a western and eastern subspecies.
In the eastern part of the range of distribution the upper ostiolar bracts are mostly fully imbricate, leaving no space in between them.
Corner (), are excluded from the species, as they are almost certainly taxa distinct at the species level; F. rigo occurs in the Malesian region. 1The species is quite variable. In the western part of the Malesian region, it is rather uniform with the lamina elliptic to oblong to subobovate with a cuneate to obtuse base and an acuminate to obtuse apex. The petiole is usually up to 1 cm long, but in the Philippines, Tanimbar Islands, and some of the Lesser Sunda Islands, it is often longer, up to 2 (or 3) cm. The figs are sessile, the upper ostiolar bracts are just not fully imbricate, internal hairs are present, and the tepals are usually partly dark red.
In the eastern part of the region, the lamina is often broadly elliptic to suborbicular and then often with rounded apex and a rounded base (as in E Java, Mindanao (Philippines), Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, and also in Australia (Queensland), Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan). Moreover, the lamina is sometimes large, longer than 10 cm long and more than 5 cm broad (in Celebes, Moluccas, Sumbawa, and New Guinea). The figs are in eastern New Guinea (and the Solomon Islands) pedunculate to subsessile with caducous basal bracts (var. naumannii); the receptacles of those in Celebes and the Moluccas are often relatively large, 0.8-1 cm diameter. The upper ostiolar bracts are usually just fully imbricate, the internal hairs often absent (or very sparse), and the tepals are pale. Material with the ± typical shape of the lamina and that with broad laminas are found in the same area and both types of lamina are found in material with pedunculate figs. It is not (yet) possible to disentangle the variation in the eastern part of the range of distribution by distinguishing infraspecific taxa (varieties) and neither to distinguish a western and eastern subspecies.
In the eastern part of the range of distribution the upper ostiolar bracts are mostly fully imbricate, leaving no space in between them.
Citation
Summerh. 1941 – In: J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 85
Benth. 1861: Fl. Hongk.: 327
Benth. 1873 – In: Fl. Austral.: 166
Kunth 1847 – In: Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.: 250
Watt 1890 – In: Dict. Econ. Prod. India: 360
Merr. 1921: Enum. Born.: 226
Diels 1935 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 182
Náves 1879 – In: Blanco, Fl. Filip.,, ed. 3: t. 382 (lower left)
F.M. Bailey 1913: Compr. Cat. Qld. Pl: 486: f. 474
Rehder 1936 – In: J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 74
Summerh. 1941 – In: J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 86
Benth. 1873 – In: Fl. Austral.: 170
Náves & Fern.-Vill. 1880: Nov. App.: 199
Corner 1960 – In: Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: 397
Miq. 1913: Compr. Cat. Qld. Pl.: 486
J.C. Liao 1995: Taxon. Rev. Moraceae Taiwan, ed. 2: 56: t. 21
King 1888 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 180
Koord. 1916 – In: Atlas Baumart. Java: t. 732, 733
Campos Porto 1935: p. 77. – In: Rodriguesia: f. 1, 2
H.J.P. Winkl. 1913 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 361
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 345
Domin 1921 – In: Bibl. Bot.: 563
Condit 1958: pp. 14-17. – In: Lasca Leaves
F.B. Forbes & Hemsl. 1899 – In: J. Linn. Soc. Bot.: 466
Corner 1965: – Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 22
auct. non L.: Miq. 1906 – In: Philipp. J. Sci.: 47
Lam. 1788 – In: Encycl.: 500
Merr. 1903 – In: Bull. Bur. For. Philipp.: 18
Backer & Bakh.f. 1965 – In: Fl. Java: 34, 35
Renner 1907 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 382
Trimen 1898 – In: Fl. Ceyl.: 89
Domin 1921 – In: Bibl. Bot.: 563
Vreede 1949 – In: Ann. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg: 146
King 1887: p. 50. – In: Sp. Ficus: t. 61, 62
Roxb. 1832: Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 3: 550
Lauterb. & K. Schum. 1900 – In: K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 274
F.M. Bailey 1902 – In: Queensl. Fl.: 1469
J.C. Liao 1995: Taxon. Rev. Moraceae Taiwan, ed. 2: 56: t. 20
M.F. Barrett 1949 – In: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club: 53
Blume 1836 – In: Rumphia: 19
F.M. Bailey 1913: Compr. Cat. Qld. Pl.: 486
Corner 1940: Wayside Trees: 679: t. 207
Miq. 1867: – Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 267, 288
Sata 1944 – In: Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ.: 22, 198
Worth. 1959: Ceylon Trees: f. 415
F.M. Bailey 1902 – In: Queensl. Fl.: 1469
Gagnep. 1928 – In: Fl. Indo-Chine: 764
Ridl. 1924 – In: Fl. Malay Penins.: 335
Koord. & Valeton 1906 – In: Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java: 112
Miq. 1859 – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: 346
J.C. Liao 1995: Taxon. Rev. Moraceae Taiwan, ed. 2: 59: t. 22
Willd. 1806 – In: Sp. Pl.: 1143
J.C. Liao 1995: Taxon. Rev. Moraceae Taiwan, ed. 2: 59: t. 22
Corner 1977: p. 141. – In: Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl.: t. 16
de Vriese 1855 – In: Tuinb. Fl.: 143
Kochummen 1978 – In: Tree Fl. Malaya: 151
auct. non L.: Miq. 1888 – In: Fl. Brit. India: 511
Diels 1935 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 182
Miq. 1847: p. 580. – In: London J. Bot.: (sub Urostigma pisiferum Miq.)
Alston 1938: Kandy Fl: 34: f. 182
auct. non L.: Miq. 1859: p. 345. – In: Fl. Ind. Bat.: (sub Urostigma)
Kurz 1877 – In: Forest Fl. Burma: 444
Becc. 1902: For. Borneo: 525
Burkill 1935: Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins.: 1014
auct. non L.: Miq. 1923 – In: Enum. Philipp. Flow. Pl.: 63
F.M. Bailey 1902 – In: Queensl. Fl.: 1472
Koord. 1898: Versl. Minahassa: 606
Blume 1836 – In: Rumphia: 19, 20
Diels 1938 – In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst.: 398
Lour. 1790: Fl. Coch.: 665