Nyctaginaceae

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Nyctaginaceae

Content

<<<Flowers>Perianth>Shape>Relative distance

for more than 2/31
1. 005-001-002-001

<<<Flowers>Perianth>Shape>Teeth number

3-5-dentate2
2. 005-001-002-002

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovules>Ovule number

13
3. 005-003-004-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma>Position

terminal, rarely lateral or style stigmatic along one side4
4. 005-003-006-002

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma>Shape

capitate5
5. 005-003-006-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Style>Shape

elongate6
6. 005-003-005-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Locule number

4-locular, 2-locular when mature7
7. 005-002-003-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments>Shape

filiform8
8. 005-002-002-001

<<<Fruits>Seeds>Perisperm>Texture

fleshy9
9. 006-004-004-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Hairs

glabrous or pubescent10
10. 003-003-004-002

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Margin type

entire, sometimes toothed or lobed11
11. 003-003-004-001

<<Branches>Spines>Growth form

straight to recurved12
12. 002-001-001

<<Branches>Spines>Position

axillary13
13. 002-001-002

<<Flowers>Perianth>Colour

green or coloured14
14. 005-001-001

<<Flowers>Perianth>Shape

campanulate, funnel-shaped, or tubular, sometimes urceolate or salver-shaped, connate completely to a truncate tube or with a or -lobed limb15
15. 005-001-002

<<Flowers>Perianth>Tube

tube persistent in fruit, usually accrescent, indurate at base and forming an anthocarp;16
16. 005-001-004

<<Flowers>Perianth>Upper parts

upper part mostly caducous after anthesis17
17. 005-001-003

<<Flowers>Pistil>Carpel number

1-carpellate18
18. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Pistil>Locule number

1-locular19
19. 005-003-003

<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovules

ovule , anatropous or campylotropous,20
20. 005-003-004

<<Flowers>Pistil>Pistil number

121
21. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma

stigma simple, , peltate, penicillate or fimbriate, .22
22. 005-003-006

<<Flowers>Pistil>Style

style short or , sometimes absent,23
23. 005-003-005

<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers

anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits, , dorsifixed or basifixed;24
24. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments

filaments unequal, , free or united at base in small, often swollen collar, presumably functioning as nectary,25
25. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Stamen number

1-10(-30)26
26. 005-002-001

<<Fruits>Anthocarps>Hairs

glabrous or pubescent27
27. 006-003-002

<<Fruits>Anthocarps>Rib number

5- to 10-ribbed at base28
28. 006-003-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Embryo

embryo curved or straight.29
29. 006-004-005

<<Fruits>Seeds>Endosperm

endosperm scanty,30
30. 006-004-003

<<Fruits>Seeds>Perisperm

perisperm abundant, usually mealy or ,31
31. 006-004-004

<<Fruits>Seeds>Seed number

132
32. 006-004-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Testa

testa hyaline,33
33. 006-004-002

<<Habit>Root system>Texture

fleshy or tuberous34
34. 001-002-001

<<Inflorescences>Involucres>Colour

green or brightly coloured35
35. 004-003-002

<<Inflorescences>Involucres>Flower number

1 or many36
36. 004-003-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Margins

margin usually , ;37
37. 003-003-004

<<Leaves>Blade>Raphides

often marked and coarsened with conspicuous raphides38
38. 003-003-002

<<Leaves>Blade>Shape

symmetric or oblique at base39
39. 003-003-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Texture

membranaceous to carneous40
40. 003-003-001

<Branches>Spines

sometimes armed with, and climbing by means of, thick, , spines41
41. 002-001

<Flowers>Perianth

perianth plicate or contorted in bud, , , ,42
42. 005-001

<Flowers>Pistil

pistil , included in perianth, ovary superior, , , sessile or stipitate,43
43. 005-003

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens , hypogynous, included or exserted,44
44. 005-002

<Fruits>Anthocarps

anthocarp costate (), sulcate or winged, , often viscous when wet;45
45. 006-003

<Fruits>Seed number

1-seeded46
46. 006-001

<Fruits>Seeds

seed ,47
47. 006-004

<Fruits>Texture

coriaceous, fleshy48
48. 006-002

<Habit>Growth form

sometimes scandent or prostrate49
49. 001-001

<Habit>Root system

root system fibrous, .50
50. 001-002

<Inflorescences>Involucres

involucre, when present, of free or connate segments, often calyx-like, enclosing flowers, persistent or deciduous, often accrescent around fruit, .51
51. 004-003

<Inflorescences>Position

terminal or axillary52
52. 004-001

<Inflorescences>Shape

paniculate or corymbose cymes (sometimes flowers axillary and solitary, or in thyrses, racemes, spikes, umbels or capitules), pedunculate, usually bracteate or variously involucrate53
53. 004-002

<Leaves>Blade

blade , , ,54
54. 003-003

<Leaves>Petiole

sessile or petiolate;55
55. 003-001

<Leaves>Stipules

exstipulate;56
56. 003-002

<Leaves>Veins

pinnately veined.57
57. 003-004

Branches

Branches dichotomously or trichotomously forked, often swollen at nodes, .58
58. 002

Description

Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent or prostrate; root system fibrous, fleshy or tuberous. Branches dichotomously or trichotomously forked, often swollen at nodes, sometimes armed with, and climbing by means of, thick, straight to recurved, axillary spines. Leaves alternate, opposite, subopposite or whorled, simple; sessile or petiolate; exstipulate; blade membranaceous to carneous, often marked and coarsened with conspicuous raphides, symmetric or oblique at base, margin usually entire, sometimes toothed or lobed, glabrous or pubescent; pinnately veined. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary, diffuse or congested, paniculate or corymbose cymes (sometimes flowers axillary and solitary, or in thyrses, racemes, spikes, umbels or capitules), pedunculate, usually bracteate or variously involucrate; involucre, when present, of free or connate segments, often calyx-like, enclosing 1 or many flowers, persistent or deciduous, often accrescent around fruit, green or brightly coloured. Flowers regular or nearly so, bisexual or unisexual, then sometimes sexes with different perianth, usually dioecious when flowers unisexual; perianth plicate or contorted in bud, green or coloured, campanulate, funnel-shaped, or tubular, sometimes urceolate or salver-shaped, connate completely to a truncate tube or for more than 2/3 with a 3-5-dentate or -lobed limb, upper part mostly caducous after anthesis, tube persistent in fruit, usually accrescent, indurate at base and forming an anthocarp; stamens 1-10(-30), hypogynous, included or exserted, filaments unequal, filiform, free or united at base in small, often swollen collar, presumably functioning as nectary, anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits, 4-locular, 2-locular when mature, dorsifixed or basifixed; pistil 1, included in perianth, ovary superior, 1-carpellate, 1-locular, sessile or stipitate, ovule 1, anatropous or campylotropous, style short or elongate, sometimes absent, stigma simple, capitate, peltate, penicillate or fimbriate, terminal, rarely lateral or style stigmatic along one side. Fruit a 1-seeded anthocarp, formed by persistent, coriaceous, fleshy perianth-tube or its indurated base with enclosed achene or utricle; anthocarp costate (5- to 10-ribbed at base), sulcate or winged, glabrous or pubescent, often viscous when wet; seed 1, testa hyaline, endosperm scanty, perisperm abundant, usually mealy or fleshy, embryo curved or straight.

Distribution

Guianas present, tropical America present
About 400 species in 31 genera, mostly in tropical America, with a few temperate representatives; in the Guianas 14 species in 6 genera, including the cultivated Bougainvillea and Mirabilis.

FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS



The family can easily be recognised by some anatomical features, in particular abnormal secondary growth by the included phloem, is easily spotted with a hand lens (). See also Metcalfe & Chalk 1983, p. 211; Carlquist 1988, p. 256; Lindeman et al. 1963, p. 249). In the wood of Guapira, Neea and Pisonia, phloem is found as islands that abaxially accompany short, irregular radial rows or chains of small to medium-sized vessels. These conspicuous structures, formed by vessels, parenchyma strands and abaxial phloem islands are diffusely spread throughout the wood. The rays, consisting of procumbent to square cells, are narrow, uniseriate with accidentally low, biseriate parts.
In the wood of Guapira, Neea and Pisonia, the nyctaginaceous genera indigenous in the Guianas, some variation between the studied species was found in the size and number of woodanatomical characters, i.e. the size of the phloem islands, the vessel diameter, the height of the rays, and the amount of fibre pits (see remarks in the family description). It is, however, not possible to distinguish between these genera.
The family description is based on wood samples of Guapira, Neea and Pisonia.
Although Bougainvillea is not indigenous for the Guianas, it is very often found as ornamental plant. Bougainvillea is deviating in several aspects. The phloem islands, typical for the other Nyctaginaceae, are here also found. They are, however, arranged in tangential zones, at the adaxial side of continuous, 4-6 cells wide parenchyma bands (, ). Towards the bark, each parenchyma bands is bounded by a zone without vessels.
In Bougainvillea the rays are high, slightly irregular, mostly up to 4 cells wide, often with long uniseriate margins, consisting of upright and some rows of square cells. Many ray cells are of appr. the same height as the vessel members and parenchyma cells and contribute to the ripple marks ().>

FAMILY DESCRIPTION

Included phloem present as islands of 500/600 x 375/550 μm, islands oval (to round), rarely kidney-shaped, diffusely spread (, ). Often raphids or styloids included ().
Vessels at the adaxial side of the phloem islands, as irregular or regular radial rows and chains up to 8 vessels long, intermingled with few parenchyma strands (); 1-3(-5) vessel groups per mm² (5-10 vessels per mm²); vessels round to oval, diameter 50-100(-150) μm. Perforations simple. Intervascular pits alternate, round to slightly oval, 4-6 μm. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervascular pits or slightly larger. Vessel member length ca. 150-200 μm.
Rays uniseriate up to 14-18 cells, 350-500 μm high, consisting of procumbent to nearly square cells, with scanty biseriate parts of 1-4 cells high (), 7-12 per mm.
Parenchyma as fusiform cells and strands of 2 cells (), ca. 150 μm high; paratracheal as scanty cells in the vessel groups, apotracheal as one cell wide layers, abaxially accompanying the phloem islands.
Fibres thin- to thick-walled, walls ca. 3-6(-8) μm, lumen (6-)18-20 μm wide. Pits simple, slit-like, the occurrence on both radial and tangential walls varying from scanty to numerous.
Ripple marks present to absent in Guapira, formed by fibres, parenchyma and vessels members, rarely also by rays (); very vague to absent in Neea and Pisonia.
Remarks: The vessel diameter is up to 50 μm in Neea mollis () and in the Guianan material of N. spruceana. The vessel diameter of the Krukoff collections of N. spruceana from Brazil however, is (50-)85-90(-115) µm.
In some species (i.e. Guapira eggersiana) only square ray cells were observed. The rays of Pisonia macranthocarpa are deviating by their height: (1000-1200 μm; up to 40 cells) with biseriate parts of up to 6 cells; these rays are terminally or laterally accompanied by upright cells ().
Short irregular, narrow apotracheal bands of parenchyma intermingled with thinwalled fibres are present in Guapira eggersiana. Diffuse apotracheal parenchyma is abundant in Pisonia macranthocarpa in short, one cell wide bands; fusiform cells are also found as ray margins or “sheath cells”.

Flowers

Flowers regular or nearly so, bisexual or unisexual, then sometimes sexes with different perianth, usually dioecious when flowers unisexual;59
59. 005

Fruits

Fruit a anthocarp, formed by persistent, perianth-tube or its indurated base with enclosed achene or utricle;60
60. 006

Habit

Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or trees, ;61
61. 001

Individuals Association

Granville, J.J. de et al. 4911 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1378 Suriname, Went, F.A.F.C. 180 Guyana, Smith, A.C. 3594 Suriname, LBB 12144 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 436 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1123 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 1137 Guyana, Boyan, J. 30 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1440 Leprieur, D. 185 Suriname, Florschütz, P.A. et al. 599 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 15133 Granville, J.J. de et al. 456 Granville, J.J. de et al. 837 Feuillet, C. et al. 10188 Suriname, Everaarts, A.P. 567 Suriname, Hostmann, F.W.R. et al. 414 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3606 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2775 Suriname, Schulz, J.P. 8020 Suriname, Sterringa, J.T. LBB 12518 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 2210 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 2268 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3568 Guyana, Smith, A.C. 2446 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 3117 Suriname, Mori, S.A. & A.B. Bolten 8481 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3148 Suriname, Hostmann, F.W.R. et al. 390 Suriname, Soeprato D5 Guyana, Gillespie, L.J. 2648 Suriname, Jonker-Verhoef, A.M.E. & F.P. Jonker 513 Sagot, P.A. 990 Suriname, Donselaar, J. van et al. 2543 Guyana, Guppy, N.G.L. 660 Suriname, Maas, P.J.M. & J. A. Tawjoeran LBB 10943 Suriname, Hostmann, F.W.R. et al. 947 Granville, J.J. de et al. 7218 Guyana, Stoffers, A.L., A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn et al. 154 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 533 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9639 Suriname, Pons, T.L. LBB 12653 Suriname, Hekking, W.H.A. 951 Sagot, P.A. s.n. Oldeman, R.A.A. 1292 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1366 Granville, J.J. de et al. 5115 Suriname, Maguire, B. & G. Stahel 24955 Oldeman, R.A.A. T-266 Suriname, Mori, S.A. & A.B. Bolten 8577 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2677 Larpin, D. Nx 478 Granville, J.J. de et al. 652 Suriname, Kanhai, E.D. LBB 13346 Suriname, Stahel, G. 55 Guyana, Henkel, T.W., et al. 1452 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 7714 Guyana, Ek, R.C. et al. 674 Larpin, D. Nx 522 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-1895 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 6576 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 2308 Mélinon, E. 279 Larpin, D. 965 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 11720 Mori, S.A. et al. 22886 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9652 Suriname, Donselaar, J. van et al. 244 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 2626 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 1435 Béna, P. BAFOG 1061 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 4840 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-2852 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 3265 Suriname, Schulz, J.P. et al. LBB 9909 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 5064 Oldeman, R.A.A. 1050 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 1941 Soubirou, G. s.n. Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 6313 Mori, S.A. et al. 23747 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C., A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn et al. 623 Suriname, Maguire, B. & G. Stahel 22741 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 2176 Feuillet, C. et al. 10218 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 7224 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-2587 Suriname, Stahel, G. 253a Granville, J.J. de et al. 4252 Granville, J.J. de et al. B. 5091 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1142 Grenand, P. 2107 Bordenave, B. 338 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 4900 Suriname, Kuyper, J. 36 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3247 Guyana, Mutchnick, P. 953 Suriname, Mennega, A.M.W. et al. 495 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1047 Prévost, M.F. et al. 2196 Moretti, C. 530 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 4123A Suriname, BW 4020 Guyana, Smith, A.C. 2913 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 7370 Suriname, Samuels, J.A. s.n. Foresta, H. de 686 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 291 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3589 Suriname, Hostmann, F.W.R. et al. 759a Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3366 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3046 Suriname, Mori, S.A. & A.B. Bolten 8497 Cremers, G.A., et al. 11557 Leprieur, D. s.n. Suriname, Boerboom, J.H.A. LBB 8792 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 310 Service Forestier Guyane Française 7082 Guyana, Bartlett, A.W., s.n. 8597 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 4978 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 11240 Sagot, P.A. 1017 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3650 Oldeman, R.A.A. 2780 Suriname, Groenendijk, E. 60 Cremers, G.A., et al. 6669 Broadway, W.E. 829 Sabatier, D. et al. 1877 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 904 Suriname, Tjon Lim Sang, R.J.M. LBB 16242 Foresta, H. de 681 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3395 Suriname, Wessels Boer, J.G. 535 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9316 Sarthou, C. 454 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2599 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 4557 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 4876 Granville, J.J. de et al. 7098 Granville, J.J. de et al. 8228 Guyana, Wilson-Browne, G. 545 without coll. 220 Suriname, Tresling, J.H.A.T. 151 Sabatier, D. et al. 1584 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 7422 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3368 Skog, L.E. & C. Feuillet 7231 Larpin, D. Nx 524 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ro. ser. II, 535 Guyana, Hohenkerk, L.S. C 33 Sastre, C. 6309 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 4207 Guyana, Irwin, H.S. BG-57 Suriname, Schomburgk, Ri. s.n. Sagot, P.A. s.n. Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 2002 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 7599 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 435 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 6641 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 6779 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3027 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 15167 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5685 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3393 Guyana, Hahn, W.J. et al. 3945 Suriname, Hekking, W.H.A. 819 Sagot, P.A. s.n. Guyana, Hitchcock, A.S. 16683 Guyana, Leechman, A., s.n. s.n. Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3337 Suriname, Tjon Lim Sang, R.J.M. & I.H.M. van de Wiel 101b Suriname, Sabajo, P.H. LBB 9061 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 5574 Guyana, Görts-van Rijn, A.R.A. et al. 437 Guyana, Hitchcock, A.S. 16787 Guyana, McDowell, et al. 3489 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3371 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-4004 Guyana, Jansen-Jacobs, M.J. et al. 1534 Suriname, LBB 9406 Granville, J.J. de et al. 4843 Mori, S.A. et al. 23208 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 11715 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 3315 Broadway, W.E. 698 Hallé, F. 1023 Guyana, Grewal, M.S. & R. Persaud 137 Guyana, Davis, D.H. 1669 Suriname, Daniëls, A.G.H. & F.P. Jonker 1076 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5649 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 5387 Suriname, Stahel, G. 253 Guyana, Jansen-Jacobs, M.J. et al. 408 Suriname, Went, F.A.F.C. 21 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C., A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn et al. 458 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2378 Jacquemin, H. 2293 Suriname, Geijskes, D.C. s.n. Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 11235 Mori, S.A. et al. 18626 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2697 Mori, S.A. et al. 24205 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-1865 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 5944 Middletown, Capt. 185 Oldeman, R.A.A. 2816 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5826 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 3874 Mori, S.A. et al. 15193 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 546 Suriname, BW 1822 Guyana, Steege, H.S. ter et al. 225 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 4123 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 3873 Grenand, P. 2099 Broadway, W.E. 353 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5302 Suriname, Sabajo, P.H. LBB 11201 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1380 Guyana, Henkel, T.W., et al. 4354 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 723 Granville, J.J. de et al. 7955 Guyana, Soderstrom, T.R. & Cowan, R.S. 1933 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 541 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 4437 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9601 Suriname, Hulk, J.F. 84 Granville, J.J. de et al. 2769 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5670 Suriname, Donselaar, J. van et al. 471 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 2091 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5102 Grenand, P. 1744 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 5074 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 4171 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 329 Mori, S.A. et al. 21198 Suriname, BW 1783 Guyana, Jansen-Jacobs, M.J. et al. 3698 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 8686 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 4121 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5416 Billiet, F.P. & B. Jadin 4758 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 5490 Moretti, C. 1105 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 3851 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 965 Guyana, Parker, G.W. s.n. Benoist, R. s.n. Guyana, Hitchcock, A.S. 17550 Feuillet, C. et al. 10033 Suriname, Schulz, J.P. 7875 Feuillet, C. et al. 1198 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2956 Guyana, Goodland, R. 1021 Guyana, Smith, A.C. 3486 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 3978 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9498 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 1946 Grenand, P. 232 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9656 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 3917 Mori, S.A. et al. 23217 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 331 Jacquemin, H. 1442 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 1463 Suriname, UVS Mori, S.A. et al. 23949 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 637 Mori, S.A. et al. 8756 Suriname, Donselaar, J. van et al. 1209 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 2402 Guyana, Hahn, W.J. et al. 4114 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 15988 Suriname, Stahel, G. 96 Cremers, G.A., et al. 7004 Mori, S.A. et al. 22787 Mori, S.A. et al. 21636 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 2108 Suriname, Werkhoven, M. et al. 16471 Sabatier, D. et al. 2150 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3399 Benoist, R. 1490 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1781 Garnier, - 110 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3147 Suriname, Maguire, B. & G. Stahel 24628 Granville, J.J. de et al. 1027 Sagot, P.A. s.n. Suriname, without coll. 759 Guyana, Persaud, R. 258 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 5282 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3326 Sabatier, D. et al. 1279 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 457 Mori, S.A. et al. 14938 Sabatier, D. et al. 4195 Allorge, L. 351 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ro. ser. II, 342 Guyana, Grewal, M.S. & R. Persaud 148 Granville, J.J. de et al. T. 1163 Guyana, Maas, P.J.M. et al. 4117 Granville, J.J. de et al. 11961 Suriname, Schulz, J.P. et al. LBB 9952 Guyana, Stoffers, A.L., A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn et al. 305 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2383 Suriname, Narain, T.R. LBB 13761 Sastre, C. 6464 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 2815 Suriname, Samuels, J.A. 122 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1203 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 15062 Hoff, M. 5072 Guyana, Smith, A.C. 3146 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2338 Guyana, Anderson, C.W. 393 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 6286 Prévost, M.F. et al. 2851 Moretti, C. 341 Feuillet, C. et al. 10078 Guyana, Hahn, W.J. et al. 4850 Suriname, Schulz, J.P. 7852 Oldeman, R.A.A. 1811 Suriname, Julen, C.R. LBB 14552 Cremers, G.A., et al. 9702 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ri. 595 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 11242 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 4367 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 15168 Benoist, R. 556 Suriname, Kramer, K.U. & W.H.A. Hekking 3098 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 2140 Suriname, Geijskes, D.C. 973 Cremers, G.A., et al. 11417 Granville, J.J. de et al. 8447 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3970 Guyana, Harris, E.M. et al. 1131 Granville, J.J. de et al. 7260 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 7380 Granville, J.J. de et al. 2666 Sauvain, M. 4 Sabatier, D. et al. 1133 Suriname, LBB 10533 Benoist, R. 1299 Granville, J.J. de et al. 5128 Suriname, Acevedo, P. et al. 5788 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 448 Suriname, Soeprato B9 Mori, S.A. et al. 22686 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 584 Cremers, G.A., et al. 10494 Larpin, D. Nx 671 Granville, J.J. de et al. 5764 Martin, J., s.n. s.n. Suriname, Werkhoven, M. et al. UVS 16457 Mori, S.A. et al. 15333 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 6279 Suriname, BBS 102 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 4246 Guyana, Henkel, T.W., et al. 1488 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1084 Grenand, P. 468 Sabatier, D. et al. 2760 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 3065 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 7675 Guyana, Hohenkerk, L.S. 787 Oldeman, R.A.A. T-172 Wachenheim, H. 336 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ri. 588 Suriname, Hostmann, F.W.R. et al. 824 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 4120 Maas, P.J.M. et al. 2238 Billiet, F.P. & B. Jadin 4756 Sagot, P.A. s.n. Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 719 Jelski, C. von 3100 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ri. 1031 Oldeman, R.A.A. B-1786 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 5807 Suriname, Collector indigenus 15 Cremers, G.A., et al. 12906 Villiers, J.F. 3708 BAFOG Suriname, Outer, R.W. den 955 Barrier, S. 4099 Guyana, Soderstrom, T.R. & Cowan, R.S. 2009 Sagot, P.A. s.n. Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 1 Riera, B. et al. 1936 Guyana, Schomburgk, Ri. 600 Prévost, M.F. et al. 2249 Guyana, Görts-van Rijn, A.R.A. et al. 410 Mori, S.A. et al. 18754 Suriname, Maguire, B. & G. Stahel 22793 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 4483 Suriname, Sterringa, J.T. LBB 12417 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 528 Poiteau, P.A. s.n. Suriname, Mennega, A.M.W. et al. 887 Suriname, Florschütz, P.A. et al. 2857 Granville, J.J. de et al. 4276 Guyana, Sandwith, N.Y. 533 Suriname, Lindeman, J.C. 6884 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3047 Suriname, Julen, C.R. LBB 14572 Suriname, BW 4730 Suriname, Jansma, R. 23 Guyana, Acevedo, P. 3474 Service Forestier Guyane Française 7279 Guyana, Mori, S.A., et al. 8114 Mélinon, E. 291 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. s.n. Mori, S.A. et al. 8980 Guyana, Polak, A.M. et al. 424 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 3899 Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 566 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1134 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 3017 Granville, J.J. de et al. B. 5162 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 511 Oldeman, R.A.A. T-152 Guyana, Pinkus, A.S. 43 Grenand, P. 1024 Guyana, Mutchnick, P. 956 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1382 Barrier, S. 4038 Granville, J.J. de et al. 3533 Poncy, O. 945 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1042 Suriname, Reijenga, T.W. 422 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1463 Suriname, Elburg, J.P. LBB 13400 Guyana, Davis, D.H. 869 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 9161 Suriname, Hekking, W.H.A. 768 Guyana, Fanshawe, D.B. 3364 Prance, G.T. et al. 30653 Suriname, Soeprato B19 Guyana, Jenman, G.S. 4870 Suriname, Stahel, G. 29a Suriname, Heyligers, P.C. 432 Guyana, Anderson, C.W. 612 Suriname, LBB 12131 Grenand, P. 287 Riera, B. et al. 1581 Guyana, Cruz, J.S. de la 3317 Guyana, Ek, R.C. et al. 633 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 1082 Suriname, Teunissen, P.A. LBB 16076 Guyana, Bartlett, A.W., s.n. 241 Suriname, Hekking, W.H.A. 1128 Suriname, Kramer, K.U. & W.H.A. Hekking 2158 Suriname, Soeprato E47 Guyana, Hoffman, B. et al. 2136 Boom, B.M. & S.A. Mori 1942 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 8456 Suriname, Kramer, K.U. & W.H.A. Hekking 2067 Guyana, Persaud, C.A. 128 Guyana, Harris, S.A. TP 413 Guyana, Pipoly, J.J. et al. 7399 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 4199 Suriname, Lanjouw, J. & J.C. Lindeman 2586 Suriname, Lindeman ‘53-’55 5416 Krukoff 8102 Suriname, Lindeman 4900 Guyana, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 3676 Lindeman & de Haas 750 Feuillet et al. 10218 Suriname, Mennega 495 Suriname, Maas & Tawjoeran LBB 10943 Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 1463 Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 2828 Suriname, Lindeman, Görts et al. 458 Williams 623 Guyana, A.C. Smith 3594 Guyana, A.C. Smith 2913 Sabatier et al. 2150 Suriname, BBS 102 Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 1082 de Granville et al. 7955 Guyana, Stoffers, Görts-van Rijn et al. 305 Guyana, Forest Dept. British Guiana 5387 Maas et al. 2238 Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 1084 Lindeman & de Haas 550 Suriname, Stahel 29 Krukoff 7958 Madison 20989 B7-A Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 2549 Suriname, Lanjouw & Lindeman 1378 Guyana, Stoffers, Görts-van Rijn et al. 154 Suriname, Mennega et al. 887

Inflorescences

Inflorescence of , diffuse or congested, ;62
62. 004

Leaves

Leaves alternate, opposite, subopposite or whorled, simple;63
63. 003

Notes

Since specimens of 3. Guapira and 5. Neea are sometimes difficult to separate, a combined key covering Guianan species of both genera is provided below, as well as a key to the species within each genus which is located in the respective generic treatments

TIMBERS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

BotanicalThe woods of the two genera Guapira and Neea are similar and treated together.
TreeSmall to medium-sized trees. Only Guapira kanukuensis reported as large tree.
Description of the woodNo distinction between sapwood and heartwood, pale yellow, whitish to grey. Texture very coarse, the included phloem islands seeming as large vessels on longitudinal sections. Grain straight. Luster low.
WeightGenerally 600-800 kg/m3 (G. eggersiana, N. floribunda and most of unidentified nyctagineous wood samples), but 480-600 kg/m3 in G. cuspidata and N. spruceana, or up to 1000 kg/m3 in G. salicifolia and N. ovalifolia.
UsesAny use reported and no commercial possibilities (Record & Hess 1943, p. 410).

Taxonomic changes

A lectotype is selected for Pisonia glabra (taxonomical synonym of Guapira eggersiana).