Chelonanthus hamatus

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Apex>Shape

obtuse1

1. 005-004-006-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Dimensions

ca. 6 x 7 mm2

2. 005-004-005-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Shape

ovate3

3. 005-004-005-001

<<<Flowers>Lobes>Apex>Shape

obtuse4

4. 005-003-005-001

<<<Flowers>Lobes>Hooks>Length

1.3-2.1 long5

5. 005-003-003-001

<<<Flowers>Lobes>Margins>Texture

membranaceous6

6. 005-003-004-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovary>Dimensions

ca. 4.4 x 2.1 mm7

7. 005-007-002-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes>Dimensions

2.4-2.8 x ca. 1.8 mm8

8. 005-007-004-002

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes>Shape

elliptic9

9. 005-007-004-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Style>Length

ca. 11 mm long10

10. 005-007-003-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Colour

white-yellow11

11. 005-005-003-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Length

1.8-3.2 mm long12

12. 005-005-003-003

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Shape

elliptic13

13. 005-005-003-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments>Length

10-12 mm long14

14. 005-005-001-001

<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Apex>Shape

acuminate to cuspidate15

15. 004-002-003-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Apex>Shape

acute to obtuse16

16. 003-001-005-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Base>Shape

attenuate or obtuse just below inflorescence17

17. 003-001-006-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Shape

not thickened, flat18

18. 003-001-004-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Colour

green19

19. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Dimensions

6-8 x 5-7 mm20

20. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Apex

apex ;21

21. 005-004-006

<<Flowers>Corolla>Colour

green, with dark green spot on apex of each corolla lobe22

22. 005-004-001

<<Flowers>Corolla>Length

20-27 mm long23

23. 005-004-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes

lobes , ,24

24. 005-004-005

<<Flowers>Corolla>Shape

funnel-shaped to tubular25

25. 005-004-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Width

10-18 mm wide at mouth26

26. 005-004-004

<<Flowers>Lobes>Apex

apex ;27

27. 005-003-005

<<Flowers>Lobes>Dimensions

3-4 x 3-4 mm28

28. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Lobes>Hooks

upward facing hook protruding from apex of glandular area, hook29

29. 005-003-003

<<Flowers>Lobes>Margins

margin ,30

30. 005-003-004

<<Flowers>Lobes>Shape

ovate31

31. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Pistil>Length

ca. 18 mm long32

32. 005-007-001

<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovary

ovary ,33

33. 005-007-002

<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes

stigma lobes , .34

34. 005-007-004

<<Flowers>Pistil>Style

style ,35

35. 005-007-003

<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers

anthers , , , straight;36

36. 005-005-003

<<Flowers>Stamens>Corona

corona present at insertion point, straight to curved downward close to anther,37

37. 005-005-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments

filaments ,38

38. 005-005-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Colour

brown39

39. 006-004-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Diameter

0.1-0.6 mm in diam.40

40. 006-004-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Apex

apex ;41

41. 004-002-003

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Length

2.2-3.8(-8.1) mm long42

42. 004-002-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape

ovate43

43. 004-002-001

<<Inflorescences>Flower number per inflorescence>Flower number

16-40-flowered44

44. 004-001-001

<<Inflorescences>Pedicels>Length

6-9 mm long45

45. 004-003-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Apex

apex ,46

46. 003-001-005

<<Leaves>Blade>Base

base .47

47. 003-001-006

<<Leaves>Blade>Dimensions

4.3-20.7 x 2.9-6.2 cm48

48. 003-001-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Margins

margin ,49

49. 003-001-004

<<Leaves>Blade>Shape

oblanceolate (specimen from Venezuela elliptic)50

50. 003-001-002

<<Leaves>Blade>Texture

subcoriaceous to membranaceous51

51. 003-001-001

<<Stems and branches>Internodes>Length

2.5-13.5 cm long52

52. 002-004-001

<<Stems and branches>Wings>Width

1-1.3 mm wide53

53. 002-003-001

<Flowers>Calyx

calyx , ;54

54. 005-002

<Flowers>Corolla

corolla , , , ,55

55. 005-004

<Flowers>Growth form

erect to horizontal56

56. 005-001

<Flowers>Lobes

lobes , , ,57

57. 005-003

<Flowers>Pistil

pistil ,58

58. 005-007

<Flowers>Pollen

pollen exine with fine reticulum interspersed with thickend, knob-like muri;59

59. 005-006

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens not exserted,60

60. 005-005

<Fruits>Colour

brown61

61. 006-001

<Fruits>Dimensions

9-17 x 4-8 mm62

62. 006-003

<Fruits>Seeds

seeds ,63

63. 006-004

<Fruits>Shape

ellipsoid64

64. 006-002

<Habit>Height

up to 1.2 m high65

65. 001-001

<Inflorescences>Bracts

bracts , ,66

66. 004-002

<Inflorescences>Pedicels

pedicel .67

67. 004-003

<Leaves>Blade

blade , , ,68

68. 003-001

<Stems and branches>Diameter

up to 1.1 cm in diam.69

69. 002-001

<Stems and branches>Internodes

internodes .70

70. 002-004

<Stems and branches>Shape

quadrangular, winged71

71. 002-002

<Stems and branches>Wings

wings ;72

72. 002-003

Description

Herb, up to 1.2 m high, branched. Stems and branches up to 1.1 cm in diam., quadrangular, winged, wings 1-1.3 mm wide; internodes 2.5-13.5 cm long. Leaves sessile, cauline, evenly positioned; blade subcoriaceous to membranaceous, oblanceolate (specimen from Venezuela elliptic), 4.3-20.7 x 2.9-6.2 cm, margin not thickened, flat, apex acute to obtuse, base attenuate or obtuse just below inflorescence. Inflorescence 16-40-flowered; bracts ovate, 2.2-3.8(-8.1) mm long, apex acuminate to cuspidate; pedicel 6-9 mm long. Flowers erect to horizontal; calyx green, 6-8 x 5-7 mm; lobes ovate, 3-4 x 3-4 mm, upward facing hook protruding from apex of glandular area, hook 1.3-2.1 long, margin membranaceous, apex obtuse; corolla green, with dark green spot on apex of each corolla lobe, funnel-shaped to tubular, 20-27 mm long, 10-18 mm wide at mouth, lobes ovate, ca. 6 x 7 mm, apex obtuse; stamens not exserted, filaments 10-12 mm long, corona present at insertion point, straight to curved downward close to anther, anthers white-yellow, elliptic, 1.8-3.2 mm long, straight; pollen exine with fine reticulum interspersed with thickend, knob-like muri; pistil ca. 18 mm long, ovary ca. 4.4 x 2.1 mm, style ca. 11 mm long, stigma lobes elliptic, 2.4-2.8 x ca. 1.8 mm. Fruit nodding, brown, ellipsoid, 9-17 x 4-8 mm; seeds brown, 0.1-0.6 mm in diam.

Diagnosis

Herba foliis subcoriaceis vel membranaceis apice acutis vel obtusis, calyce lobis extus uncis crassis antrorsis areis glandulosis superpositis munitis, staminibus in insertione lobis alternantibus plusminusve coronam formantibus.

Distribution

French Guiana present present, Southern America: Venezuela (Venezuela present)

Venezuela and French Guiana; 4 collections studied, of which 3 from French Guiana (FG: 3).

Flowers

Flowers ;73

73. 005

Fruits

Fruit nodding, , , ;74

74. 006

Habit

Herb, , branched.75

75. 001

Inflorescences

Inflorescence ;76

76. 004

Leaves

Leaves sessile, cauline, evenly positioned;77

77. 003

Notes

Specimens have been observed from the Venezuelan states of Amazonas and Bolívar, along the Río Orinoco or one of its smaller tributaries that have well defined to slight bumps on the calyx lobes vs. prominent hooks as observed in C. hamatus. These specimens are also characterized by stems that are weakly quadrangular to terete vs. strongly quadrangular and 4-winged in C. hamatus, and staminal pockets or reduced corona vs. a corona twice as large as in C. hamatus. Considering the presence of any structure protruding from the apex of the glandular area is a character unique not only to the genus, but to the family, these specimens are considered potential intermediate taxa between C. hamatus and an unknown parental taxon. Attempts to amplify DNA from such specimens have been unsuccessful and further research is needed to determine the status of these specimens. At this point, they are not considered a part of C. hamatus. For additional details see Lepis (2009).

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting .

Stems and branches

Stems and branches , ,78

78. 002

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