Chelonanthus alatus

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Apex>Shape

obtuse1

1. 005-002-005-001

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes>Dimensions

2-6 x 2-4 mm2

2. 005-002-003-002

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes>Shape

ovate3

3. 005-002-003-001

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Margins>Texture

membranaceous4

4. 005-002-004-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Apex>Shape

obtuse or acuminate5

5. 005-003-006-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Dimensions

3-11 x 4-13 mm6

6. 005-003-005-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Shape

ovate7

7. 005-003-005-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovary>Dimensions

4.4-5.6 x 2.1-2.6 mm8

8. 005-006-002-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes>Dimensions

2.8-4.4 x 1.1-2.3 mm9

9. 005-006-004-002

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes>Shape

elliptic to obovate10

10. 005-006-004-001

<<<Flowers>Pistil>Style>Length

14-23 mm long11

11. 005-006-003-001

<<<Flowers>Pollen>Muri>Shape

elongated to knob-like12

12. 005-005-001-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Colour

white to pale green13

13. 005-004-002-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Length

2-3.8 mm long14

14. 005-004-002-003

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers>Shape

oblong15

15. 005-004-002-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments>Length

14-40 mm long16

16. 005-004-001-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Apex>Shape

acute to acuminate17

17. 003-001-005-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Base>Shape

attenuate, obtuse to truncate18

18. 003-001-006-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Shape

not thickened, flat19

19. 003-001-004-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Apex

apex ;20

20. 005-002-005

<<Flowers>Calyx>Colour

green21

21. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Dimensions

4-8 x 3-6 mm22

22. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes

lobes , ,23

23. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Calyx>Margins

margin ,24

24. 005-002-004

<<Flowers>Corolla>Apex

apex ;25

25. 005-003-006

<<Flowers>Corolla>Colour

white, cream, with dark green spot on apex of each corolla lobe26

26. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Corolla>Length

20-50 mm long27

27. 005-003-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes

lobes , ,28

28. 005-003-005

<<Flowers>Corolla>Shape

funnel-shaped to campanulate29

29. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Width

8-21 mm wide at mouth30

30. 005-003-004

<<Flowers>Pistil>Length

24-34 mm long31

31. 005-006-001

<<Flowers>Pistil>Ovary

ovary ,32

32. 005-006-002

<<Flowers>Pistil>Stigma lobes

stigma lobe , .33

33. 005-006-004

<<Flowers>Pistil>Style

style ,34

34. 005-006-003

<<Flowers>Pollen>Muri

muri fragmented into processes that are thickened along equatorial zone (see Hequet, 2007; Maguire & Boom, 1989; Nilsson, 1970, 2002)35

35. 005-005-001

<<Flowers>Stamens>Anthers

anthers , , , straight to slightly curved;36

36. 005-004-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments

filaments , straight, or curved downward close to anther,37

37. 005-004-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Colour

brown38

38. 006-003-001

<<Fruits>Seeds>Diameter

0.1-0.4 mm in diam.39

39. 006-003-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Length

0.8-9.4 mm long40

40. 004-002-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape

ovate with obtuse (acute)41

41. 004-002-001

<<Inflorescences>Flower number per inflorescence>Flower number

3-100-flowered42

42. 004-001-001

<<Inflorescences>Pedicels>Length

4-9 mm long43

43. 004-003-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Apex

apex ,44

44. 003-001-005

<<Leaves>Blade>Base

base .45

45. 003-001-006

<<Leaves>Blade>Dimensions

2.9-23.2 x 1.2-8(-12) cm46

46. 003-001-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Margins

margin ,47

47. 003-001-004

<<Leaves>Blade>Shape

elliptic48

48. 003-001-002

<<Leaves>Blade>Texture

membranaceous49

49. 003-001-001

<<Stems and branches>Internodes>Length

0.5-30.3(-47.3) cm long50

50. 002-004-001

<<Stems and branches>Shape>Angle number

4-angled51

51. 002-002-001

<<Stems and branches>Shape>Wing number

4-winged52

52. 002-002-002

<<Stems and branches>Wings>Width

0.1-1.3 mm wide53

53. 002-003-001

<Flowers>Calyx

calyx , ,54

54. 005-002

<Flowers>Corolla

corolla , , , ,55

55. 005-003

<Flowers>Growth form

erect to horizontal56

56. 005-001

<Flowers>Pistil

pistil ,57

57. 005-006

<Flowers>Pollen

pollen exine with ;58

58. 005-005

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens exserted or not,59

59. 005-004

<Fruits>Colour

brown60

60. 006-001

<Fruits>Dimensions

8-23 x 3-10 mm61

61. 006-002

<Fruits>Seeds

seeds ,62

62. 006-003

<Habit>Height

up to 2.5 m high63

63. 001-001

<Inflorescences>Bracts

bracts apex, ;64

64. 004-002

<Inflorescences>Pedicels

pedicel .65

65. 004-003

<Leaves>Blade

blade , , ,66

66. 003-001

<Stems and branches>Diameter

up to 1.1 cm in diam.67

67. 002-001

<Stems and branches>Internodes

internodes .68

68. 002-004

<Stems and branches>Shape

strongly quadrangular, to69

69. 002-002

<Stems and branches>Wings

wings ;70

70. 002-003

Citation

Aubl. 1775 – In: Hist. Pl. Guiane. tab. 80

Common Name

English (Guyana): wild tobacco English (Suriname): pepiatamit, pipjataner, sabama tabaka, todo tabaka, todo tabalso

Description

Herb to subshrub, up to 2.5 m high, unbranched to sparsley branched. Stems and branches up to 1.1 cm in diam., strongly quadrangular, 4-angled to 4-winged, wings 0.1-1.3 mm wide; internodes 0.5-30.3(-47.3) cm long. Leaves sessile, cauline, evenly distributed along stem; blade membranaceous, elliptic, 2.9-23.2 x 1.2-8(-12) cm, margin not thickened, flat, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate, obtuse to truncate. Inflorescence 3-100-flowered; bracts ovate with obtuse (acute) apex, 0.8-9.4 mm long; pedicel 4-9 mm long. Flowers erect to horizontal; calyx green, 4-8 x 3-6 mm, lobes ovate, 2-6 x 2-4 mm, margin membranaceous, apex obtuse; corolla white, cream, with dark green spot on apex of each corolla lobe, funnel-shaped to campanulate, 20-50 mm long, 8-21 mm wide at mouth, lobes ovate, 3-11 x 4-13 mm, apex obtuse or acuminate; stamens exserted or not, filaments 14-40 mm long, straight, or curved downward close to anther, anthers white to pale green, oblong, 2-3.8 mm long, straight to slightly curved; pollen exine with muri fragmented into elongated to knob-like processes that are thickened along equatorial zone (see Hequet, 2007; Maguire & Boom, 1989; Nilsson, 1970, 2002); pistil 24-34 mm long, ovary 4.4-5.6 x 2.1-2.6 mm, style 14-23 mm long, stigma lobe elliptic to obovate, 2.8-4.4 x 1.1-2.3 mm. Fruit nodding, brown, 8-23 x 3-10 mm; seeds brown, 0.1-0.4 mm in diam.

Distribution

Brazilian Guianian Shield present, Guianas present present, Southern America: Brazil North (Roraima present); Venezuela (Venezuela present), Trinidad present

Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, Brazilian Guianian Shield (Roraima); 101 collections studied, of which 53 from the Guianas (GU: 12; SU: 15; FG: 26).

Flowers

Flowers ;71

71. 005

Fruits

Fruit nodding, , ;72

72. 006

Habit

Herb to subshrub, , unbranched to sparsley branched.73

73. 001

Individuals Association

Karouany, Sagot 358 Suriname, Palisadeweg, BBS 231 Guyana, E Demerara Water Conservancy, Lama Cr., McDowell et al. 4150

Inflorescences

Inflorescence ;74

74. 004

Leaves

Leaves sessile, cauline, evenly distributed along stem;75

75. 003

Notes

Chelonanthus alatus is defined here in a much stricter sense than has been employed in recent taxonomic treatments (Maas, 1985; Pringle, 1995; Struwe et al., 1999). C. alatus sensu stricto is the result of a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear markers, ITS and 5S-NTS, revealing C. alatus sensu lato as polyphyletic with the placement of C. alatus specimens in 3 separate clades (Lepis, 2009). As a result of further taxonomic research, it was also revealed that the type of C. alatus is conspecific with the type of C. longistylus and descriptions of their morphology and geography agree (Lepis, 2009). C. longistylus is therefore included here as a synonym of C. alatus.
For details on the inclusion of C. fistulosus in this taxon, see notes under C. purpurascens.

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting .

Stems and branches

Stems and branches , ,76

76. 002

Uses

The leaves have been used to relieve itching in Suriname (Archer 2652) and as a bitter in Guyana (McDowell & Stobey 3831).

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