Combretum rotundifolium

<<<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Apex>Hairs>Colour

reddish1

1. 004-007-003-002-001

<<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Apex>Hairs

moderately to densely -lepidote2

2. 004-007-003-002

<<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Apex>Shape

acute to subacute3

3. 004-007-003-001

<<<Flowers>Disk>Margins>Length

0.2-0.5 mm long4

4. 004-010-002-001

<<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Hairs>Colour

reddish5

5. 004-005-004-001

<<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Pedicel-like region>Length

0.6-1.5 mm long6

6. 004-005-003-001

<<<Flowers>Petals>Apex>Shape

subacute to acute7

7. 004-008-005-001

<<<Flowers>Petals>Base>Basal claw

without claw8

8. 004-008-006-001

<<<Flowers>Petals>Base>Hairs

glabrous but sometimes sparsely lepidote outside9

9. 004-008-006-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments>Length

18.5-29.5 mm long10

10. 004-009-002-001

<<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Hairs>Colour

reddish11

11. 004-006-003-001

<<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Shape>Dimensions

6.3-16 x 3.5-7 mm12

12. 004-006-001-001

<<<Fruits>Base>Pseudostipe>Length

0.08-0.3 cm long13

13. 005-005-002-001

<<<Fruits>Base>Wings>Width

0.6-1.1 cm wide14

14. 005-005-003-002

<<<Fruits>Base>Wings>Wing number

415

15. 005-005-003-001

<<<Inflorescences>Racemes>Hairs>Colour

reddish16

16. 003-003-002-001

<<<Leaves>Base>Hairs>Colour

reddish- to golden17

17. 002-005-002-001

<<<Leaves>Petiole>Hairs>Colour

reddish- to golden18

18. 002-007-002-001

<<<Leaves>Veins>Secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

(5-)6-9(-10) pairs19

19. 002-006-001-001

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Apex

apex , ;20

20. 004-007-003

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Growth form

erect21

21. 004-007-001

<<Flowers>Calyx lobes>Length

1.2-4.3 mm long22

22. 004-007-002

<<Flowers>Disk>Hairs

densely pubescent at margin with straight hairs23

23. 004-010-001

<<Flowers>Disk>Margins

distinct free margin24

24. 004-010-002

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Angle number

4-angled25

25. 004-005-002

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Hairs

contiguously -lepidote26

26. 004-005-004

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Length

3.3-4.3 mm long27

27. 004-005-001

<<Flowers>Lower hypanthium>Pedicel-like region

pedicel-like region28

28. 004-005-003

<<Flowers>Petals>Apex

apex ,29

29. 004-008-005

<<Flowers>Petals>Base

base , ;30

30. 004-008-006

<<Flowers>Petals>Dimensions

1.7-3.1 x 0.8-1.2 mm31

31. 004-008-003

<<Flowers>Petals>Petal number

432

32. 004-008-001

<<Flowers>Petals>Relative dimensions

usually falling well short of calyx lobes but sometimes reaching about to their apex33

33. 004-008-004

<<Flowers>Petals>Shape

elliptic34

34. 004-008-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Filaments

filaments ;35

35. 004-009-002

<<Flowers>Stamens>Stamen number

836

36. 004-009-001

<<Flowers>Style>Length

25.5-42 mm long37

37. 004-011-001

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Hairs

moderately to densely -lepidote, sparsely to densely pubescent inside38

38. 004-006-003

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Length

5.1-12 mm excluding calyx lobes39

39. 004-006-002

<<Flowers>Upper hypanthium>Shape

variously shaped, infundibuliform to bucciniform,40

40. 004-006-001

<<Fruits>Apex>Shape

rounded or truncate to deeply retuse and scarcely apiculate41

41. 005-004-001

<<Fruits>Base>Pseudostipe

very distinct narrow pseudostipe42

42. 005-005-002

<<Fruits>Base>Shape

rounded or truncate to retuse43

43. 005-005-001

<<Fruits>Base>Wings

wings ,44

44. 005-005-003

<<Fruits>Hairs>Colour

reddish45

45. 005-001-001

<<Habit>Liana habit>Length

to 15 m46

46. 001-001-001

<<Habit>Shrub habit>Height

to 7 m47

47. 001-002-001

<<Inflorescences>Racemes>Hairs

glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent, densely to contiguously -lepidote48

48. 003-003-002

<<Inflorescences>Racemes>Length

up to 29 cm long49

49. 003-003-001

<<Leaves>Apex>Shape

acute to acuminate50

50. 002-004-001

<<Leaves>Base>Hairs

usually hairless but sometimes sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, moderately to densely -lepidote below, more or less scaleless to sparsely lepidote above51

51. 002-005-002

<<Leaves>Base>Shape

cuneate to rounded or subcordate52

52. 002-005-001

<<Leaves>Petiole>Hairs

glabrous, contiguously -lepidote53

53. 002-007-002

<<Leaves>Petiole>Length

0.3-1 cm long54

54. 002-007-001

<<Leaves>Veins>Secondary veins

secondary veins ;55

55. 002-006-001

<<Perianth>Marginal cells>Marginal cell number

ca. 35-7056

56. 006-002-001

<Flowers>Calyx lobes

calyx lobes , ,57

57. 004-007

<Flowers>Disk

disk , ;58

58. 004-010

<Flowers>Hairs

hairless on outside59

59. 004-004

<Flowers>Length

11-20.3 mm long60

60. 004-003

<Flowers>Lower hypanthium

lower hypanthium , , , ,61

61. 004-005

<Flowers>Merosity

4-merous62

62. 004-001

<Flowers>Petals

petals , , , ,63

63. 004-008

<Flowers>Shape

very variable in size and shape64

64. 004-002

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens , far exserted,65

65. 004-009

<Flowers>Style

style , exserted about as far as stamens.66

66. 004-011

<Flowers>Upper hypanthium

upper hypanthium , often swollen in region below disk and narrower above disk but flared near apex (below calyx lobes), , ;67

67. 004-006

<Fruits>Apex

apex ,68

68. 005-004

<Fruits>Base

base , , .69

69. 005-005

<Fruits>Dimensions

2.2-3.9 x 1.3-2.8 cm70

70. 005-002

<Fruits>Hairs

moderately to densely -lepidote especially on body71

71. 005-001

<Fruits>Shape

oblong to elliptic or broadly elliptic72

72. 005-003

<Habit>Hairs

‘combretaceous hairs’ (often very sparse) and peltate scales present.73

73. 001-003

<Habit>Liana habit

Woody liana74

74. 001-001

<Habit>Shrub habit

shrub75

75. 001-002

<Inflorescences>Flowers

flowers borne densely around rhachis but in nature all swept up to vertical position from ± horizontal rhachis, with long exserted stamens forming 'bottle-brush' syndrome.76

76. 003-004

<Inflorescences>Length

3-18(-22) cm long77

77. 003-002

<Inflorescences>Position

terminal or singly or in opposite pairs in leaf-axils78

78. 003-001

<Inflorescences>Racemes

sometimes aggregated into terminal racemes ,79

79. 003-003

<Leaves>Apex

apex ,80

80. 002-004

<Leaves>Base

base , ;81

81. 002-005

<Leaves>Dimensions

4-17 x 2-11 cm82

82. 002-003

<Leaves>Petiole

petiole , .83

83. 002-007

<Leaves>Shape

ovate to elliptic or sometimes broadly or narrowly so84

84. 002-002

<Leaves>Texture

chartaceous to subcoriaceous85

85. 002-001

<Leaves>Veins

venation usually eucamptodromous-brochidodromous, sometimes eucamptodromous or brochidodromous,86

86. 002-006

<Perianth>Diameter

ca. 70-250(-275) µm diam.87

87. 006-001

<Perianth>Marginal cells

marginal cells .88

88. 006-002

Common Name

English (French Guiana): boso-oui, chigouma, pumalipe, pékéia English (Guyana): firebrush, kuyari engayi, macaw comb, monkey comb, monkey toothbrush English (Suriname): arimaka, baredaballi, bosowi, bosroe, jalimana, keskesbosro, keskeskankan, maribena, sekema, vreemoessoe-noto, yariman

Description

Woody liana to 15 m, shrub to 7 m; ‘combretaceous hairs’ (often very sparse) and peltate scales present. Leaves opposite, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, ovate to elliptic or sometimes broadly or narrowly so, 4-17 x 2-11 cm, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, usually hairless but sometimes sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, moderately to densely reddish- to golden-lepidote below, more or less scaleless to sparsely lepidote above; venation usually eucamptodromous-brochidodromous, sometimes eucamptodromous or brochidodromous, secondary veins (5-)6-9(-10) pairs; petiole 0.3-1 cm long, glabrous, contiguously reddish- to golden-lepidote. Inflorescence unbranched, stout, terminal or singly or in opposite pairs in leaf-axils, 3-18(-22) cm long, sometimes aggregated into terminal racemes up to 29 cm long, glabrous or rarely sparsely pubescent, densely to contiguously reddish-lepidote; flowers borne densely around rhachis but in nature all swept up to vertical position from ± horizontal rhachis, with long exserted stamens forming 'bottle-brush' syndrome. Flowers 4-merous, very variable in size and shape, 11-20.3 mm long, hairless on outside; lower hypanthium 3.3-4.3 mm long, 4-angled, pedicel-like region 0.6-1.5 mm long, contiguously reddish-lepidote,upper hypanthium variously shaped, infundibuliform to bucciniform, 6.3-16 x 3.5-7 mm, often swollen in region below disk and narrower above disk but flared near apex (below calyx lobes), 5.1-12 mm excluding calyx lobes, moderately to densely reddish-lepidote, sparsely to densely pubescent inside; calyx lobes erect, 1.2-4.3 mm long, apex acute to subacute, moderately to densely reddish-lepidote; petals 4, elliptic, 1.7-3.1 x 0.8-1.2 mm, usually falling well short of calyx lobes but sometimes reaching about to their apex, apex subacute to acute, base without claw, glabrous but sometimes sparsely lepidote outside; stamens 8, far exserted, filaments 18.5-29.5 mm long; disk densely pubescent at margin with straight hairs, distinct free margin 0.2-0.5 mm long; style 25.5-42 mm long, exserted about as far as stamens. Fruit moderately to densely reddish-lepidote especially on body, 2.2-3.9 x 1.3-2.8 cm, oblong to elliptic or broadly elliptic, apex rounded or truncate to deeply retuse and scarcely apiculate, base rounded or truncate to retuse, very distinct narrow pseudostipe 0.08-0.3 cm long, wings 4, 0.6-1.1 cm wide. Scales ca. 70-250(-275) µm diam., marginal cells ca. 35-70.

Distribution

Guianas present, lower Amazon river-basin present

Centred on the Guianas and lower Amazon river-basin, extending more sparsely to W, N and S; about 117 specimens seen from the Guianas (GU: 49; SU: 35; FG: 33).

Flowers

Flowers , , , ;89

89. 004

Fruits

Fruit , , ,90

90. 005

Habit

, ;91

91. 001

Individuals Association

Suriname, Wanica, Pikipada, Sauvain 735 Guyana, Kanuku Mts., Rupununi R., Puwib R., Jansen-Jacobs et al. 289 Guyana, Berbice-Corentyne Region, banks of Corentyne R. above Baba-Grant Sawmill, above Cow Falls, McDowell & Gopaul 2302 Suriname, Coppename R., near Kaaimanston, Lanjouw 701 riverbank near Petit-Saut on Sinnamary R., Prévost 1313 confluence of Litany and Waamahpann Rs., Tumuc-Humuc Mts., de Granville 12581 riverbank near Petit-Saut on Sinnamary R., Prévost 1312

Inflorescences

Inflorescence unbranched, stout, , , ;92

92. 003

Leaves

Leaves opposite, , , ,93

93. 002

Notes

All species of section Combretum have ‘bottle-brush’ inflorescences and are known very widely in various languages as monkey’s toothbrush or monkey’s comb.

Perianth

Scales ,94

94. 006

Phenology

Flowering ; fruiting .

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