Columnea scandens

<<<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes>Margins>Margin type

entire1

1. 005-008-003-004-001

<<<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes>Margins>Margin type

entire2

2. 005-008-002-004-001

<<<<Calyx>Lobes>Upper lobes>Margins>Margin type

entire3

3. 005-008-001-003-001

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Base>Width

0.15-0.4 cm wide4

4. 005-007-005-001

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Limbs>Width

ca. 2.5 cm wide5

5. 005-007-007-001

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Throat>Hairs

outside pilosulous, inside sparsely pubescent on dorsal side6

6. 005-007-006-002

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Throat>Width

0.5-0.9 cm wide7

7. 005-007-006-001

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Tube>Length

2.3-4.9 cm long8

8. 005-007-004-002

<<<Calyx>Corolla>Tube>Shape

cylindric9

9. 005-007-004-001

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes>Dimensions

1.2-1.5 x 0.25-0.4 cm10

10. 005-008-003-003

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes>Growth form

reflexed11

11. 005-008-003-001

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes>Margins

margin ;12

12. 005-008-003-004

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes>Shape

lanceolate13

13. 005-008-003-002

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes>Dimensions

0.7-0.9 x 0.7-1 cm14

14. 005-008-002-003

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes>Growth form

spreading15

15. 005-008-002-001

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes>Margins

margin ,16

16. 005-008-002-004

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes>Shape

triangular17

17. 005-008-002-002

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Upper lobes>Dimensions

1.3-1.8 x 1-1.1 cm18

18. 005-008-001-002

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Upper lobes>Growth form

erect19

19. 005-008-001-001

<<<Calyx>Lobes>Upper lobes>Margins

margin ,20

20. 005-008-001-003

<<<Calyx>Ovary>Stigma>Lobe number

2-lobed21

21. 005-011-005-001

<<<Calyx>Ovary>Style>Hairs

pubescent22

22. 005-011-004-002

<<<Calyx>Ovary>Style>Length

ca. 4.5 cm long23

23. 005-011-004-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Base>Hairs

above glabrous to strigose or subtomentose, below glabrous to strigose or subtomentose24

24. 003-002-006-002

<<<Leaves>Blade>Base>Shape

rounded25

25. 003-002-006-001

<<<Leaves>Blade>Margins>Margin type

entire to remotely crenate-dentate26

26. 003-002-004-001

<<Calyx>Apex>Hairs

outside strigose, inside strigose27

27. 005-006-001

<<Calyx>Corolla>Base

base gibbous, , middle slightly ampliate,28

28. 005-007-005

<<Calyx>Corolla>Colour

red29

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<<Calyx>Corolla>Growth form

erect in calyx30

30. 005-007-001

<<Calyx>Corolla>Length

4.3-7 cm long31

31. 005-007-003

<<Calyx>Corolla>Limbs

limb ,32

32. 005-007-007

<<Calyx>Corolla>Throat

throat not contracted, , ,33

33. 005-007-006

<<Calyx>Corolla>Tube

tube , ,34

34. 005-007-004

<<Calyx>Free portion of lobes>Dimensions

0.8-1.7 x 0.1-0.4 cm35

35. 005-004-003

<<Calyx>Free portion of lobes>Growth form

erect36

36. 005-004-001

<<Calyx>Free portion of lobes>Shape

ovate-lanceolate to linear37

37. 005-004-002

<<Calyx>Lobes>Basal lobes

basal lobe , , ,38

38. 005-008-003

<<Calyx>Lobes>Dimensions

0.1-0.2 cm39

39. 005-002-001

<<Calyx>Lobes>Lateral lobes

lateral lobes , , ,40

40. 005-008-002

<<Calyx>Lobes>Upper lobes

upper lobes connate into a galea, , ,41

41. 005-008-001

<<Calyx>Margins>Margin type

entire at base or with a few teeth42

42. 005-005-001

<<Calyx>Ovary>Dimensions

0.3-0.35 x 0.15-0.25 cm43

43. 005-011-002

<<Calyx>Ovary>Hairs

appressed-pubescent or glabrous44

44. 005-011-003

<<Calyx>Ovary>Shape

ovoid45

45. 005-011-001

<<Calyx>Ovary>Stigma

stigma .46

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<<Calyx>Ovary>Style

style , ,47

47. 005-011-004

<<Calyx>Tube>Length

0.1-0.2 cm long48

48. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Pedicels>Hairs

sericeous-strigose49

49. 004-002-002

<<Flowers>Pedicels>Length

0.8-2 cm long50

50. 004-002-001

<<Leaves>Blade>Apex

apex acute or obtuse,51

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<<Leaves>Blade>Base

base cuneate or , .52

52. 003-002-006

<<Leaves>Blade>Dimensions

1.5-6.5 x 0.9-3.8 cm53

53. 003-002-003

<<Leaves>Blade>Margins

margin ,54

54. 003-002-004

<<Leaves>Blade>Shape

elliptic or oblong-elliptic55

55. 003-002-002

<<Leaves>Blade>Texture

papyraceous or chartaceous when dry56

56. 003-002-001

<<Leaves>Petiole>Hairs

sericeous-strigose57

57. 003-001-002

<<Leaves>Petiole>Length

0.2-1.1 cm long58

58. 003-001-001

<Calyx>Apex

apex acuminate, subulate or acute, ;59

59. 005-006

<Calyx>Colour

green or reddish60

60. 005-001

<Calyx>Corolla

corolla , , ,61

61. 005-007

<Calyx>Free portion of lobes

free portion of lobes , subequal, , ,62

62. 005-004

<Calyx>Lobes

lobes free or lateral and ventral lobes connate ,63 lobes strongly unequal,64

63. 005-002, 64. 005-008

<Calyx>Margins

margin ,65

65. 005-005

<Calyx>Ovary

ovary , , ,66

66. 005-011

<Calyx>Stamens

stamens exserted, adnate to base of corolla tube;67

67. 005-009

<Calyx>Staminodes

staminode absent;68

68. 005-010

<Calyx>Tube

tube ,69

69. 005-003

<Flowers>Flower number per inflorescence

1-3-flowered70

70. 004-001

<Flowers>Pedicels

pedicel , .71

71. 004-002

<Habit>Length

0.3-0.5 m long or more72

72. 001-001

<Leaves>Blade

blade , , ,73

73. 003-002

<Leaves>Petiole

petiole , ;74

74. 003-001

<Mature berries>Colour

white75

75. 006-001

<Mature berries>Dimensions

ca. 0.8 x 0.8 cm76

76. 006-003

<Mature berries>Shape

globose77

77. 006-002

<Stems>Growth form

pendent78

78. 002-001

<Stems>Hairs

sericeous-strigose near apex, becoming glabrous below79

79. 002-002

Calyx

Calyx campanulate, ,80

80. 005

Description

Terrestrial or epiphytic subshrub, 0.3-0.5 m long or more. Stem succulent, climbing or pendent, sarmentose, sericeous-strigose near apex, becoming glabrous below. Leaves equal to subequal in a pair; petiole 0.2-1.1 cm long, sericeous-strigose; blade papyraceous or chartaceous when dry, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5-6.5 x 0.9-3.8 cm, margin entire to remotely crenate-dentate, apex acute or obtuse, base cuneate or rounded, above glabrous to strigose or subtomentose, below glabrous to strigose or subtomentose. Flowers in fasciculate 1-3-flowered inflorescences; pedicel 0.8-2 cm long, sericeous-strigose. Calyx campanulate, green or reddish, lobes free or lateral and ventral lobes connate 0.1-0.2 cm, tube 0.1-0.2 cm long, free portion of lobes erect, subequal, ovate-lanceolate to linear, 0.8-1.7 x 0.1-0.4 cm, margin entire at base or with a few teeth, apex acuminate, subulate or acute, outside strigose, inside strigose; corolla erect in calyx, red, 4.3-7 cm long, tube cylindric, 2.3-4.9 cm long, base gibbous, 0.15-0.4 cm wide, middle slightly ampliate, throat not contracted, 0.5-0.9 cm wide, outside pilosulous, inside sparsely pubescent on dorsal side, limb ca. 2.5 cm wide, lobes strongly unequal, upper lobes connate into a galea, erect, 1.3-1.8 x 1-1.1 cm, margin entire, lateral lobes spreading, triangular, 0.7-0.9 x 0.7-1 cm, margin entire, basal lobe reflexed, lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 x 0.25-0.4 cm, margin entire; stamens exserted, adnate to base of corolla tube; staminode absent; ovary ovoid, 0.3-0.35 x 0.15-0.25 cm, appressed-pubescent or glabrous, style ca. 4.5 cm long, pubescent, stigma 2-lobed. Mature berry white, globose, ca. 0.8 x 0.8 cm.

Distribution

Southern America, northern S America present

West Indies and northern S America.

Flowers

Flowers in fasciculate inflorescences;81

81. 004

Habit

Terrestrial or epiphytic subshrub, .82

82. 001

Leaves

Leaves equal to subequal in a pair;83

83. 003

Mature berries

Mature berry , , .84

84. 006

Notes

The description above is compiled from that given by Leeuwenberg (1958, 1984) as we have seen no authentic specimens of Columnea scandens from the Guianas. The species may yet be found there for it is known from Venezuela, Trinidad and the Lesser Antilles. Leeuwenberg (1958) cited two collections from the Guianas, the first "Cayenne, Martin 100 (BM, p.p.)", may well have come from Martinique where Martin also collected; the second, a specimen cited by Richard Schomburgk (1849: 972) as collected by Robert Schomburgk in 1841 from "near Aruka" (probably the Aruka R.) in Guyana, was in the Berlin Herbarium and now no longer extant. No duplicates of this latter specimen have been found.

Stems

Stem succulent, climbing or , sarmentose, .85

85. 002

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