Justicia pectoralis

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Justicia pectoralis

Content

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Posterior lobes>Dimensions

0.6-1.5 x 0.2 mm1
1. 005-001-006-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Dimensions

0.8-1.5 x 1-2.5 mm2
2. 005-002-007-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip>Length

3-4.5 mm long3
3. 005-002-006-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube>Diameter

1.2-1.4 mm in diam. near midpoint4
4. 005-002-004-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube>Length

3.5-5.7 mm long5
5. 005-002-004-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Length

2.5-4 mm long6
6. 005-002-005-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae>Length

0.6-0.9 mm long7
7. 005-003-002-001

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae>Shape

separated by a ± broad connective, lacking basal appendages (although sometimes ± apiculate at base)8
8. 005-003-002-002

<<<Flowers>Style>Stigma>Length

0.3-0.5 mm long9
9. 005-004-003-002

<<<Flowers>Style>Stigma>Shape

linear10
10. 005-004-003-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Base>Hairs

glabrous on both surfaces or primary vein pubescent11
11. 003-002-002-002

<<<Petiole>Blade>Base>Shape

acute12
12. 003-002-002-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Margins>Margin type

entire to subsinuate13
13. 003-002-003-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Shape>Dimensions

4-12 x 0.5-2.5 cm14
14. 003-002-001-001

<<Capsules>Body>Length

3.5-5.5 mm long15
15. 006-004-002

<<Capsules>Body>Shape

subellipsoid with medial constriction16
16. 006-004-001

<<Capsules>Seeds>Dimensions

1.2-1.8 x 1.2-1.5 mm17
17. 006-005-003

<<Capsules>Seeds>Seed number

418
18. 006-005-001

<<Capsules>Seeds>Shape

lenticular19
19. 006-005-002

<<Capsules>Stipes>Length

2-3.5 mm long20
20. 006-003-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Dimensions

1.5-3 x 0.3-0.5 mm21
21. 005-001-005

<<Flowers>Calyx>Hairs

glandular-puberulent22
22. 005-001-002

<<Flowers>Calyx>Length

2-3.5 mm long23
23. 005-001-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobe number

424
24. 005-001-003

<<Flowers>Calyx>Posterior lobes

posterior 5th lobe25
25. 005-001-006

<<Flowers>Calyx>Shape

subulate26
26. 005-001-004

<<Flowers>Corolla>Colour

white to rose-pink with white and/or maroon markings on lower lip27
27. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Corolla>Hairs

pubescent28
28. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Length

7.5-10 mm long29
29. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes

lobes ;30
30. 005-002-007

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip

lower lip ,31
31. 005-002-006

<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube

tube ± expanded distally, , ,32
32. 005-002-004

<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip

upper lip , entire,33
33. 005-002-005

<<Flowers>Stamens>Relative distance

exserted ca. 1-1.5 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube34
34. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae

anther thecae , unequal, subparallel to parallel, equally to subequally inserted, ;35
35. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Style>Hairs

sparsely pubescent36
36. 005-004-002

<<Flowers>Style>Length

4.5-7 mm long37
37. 005-004-001

<<Flowers>Style>Lobes

lobes not evident.38
38. 005-004-004

<<Flowers>Style>Stigma

stigma , ,39
39. 005-004-003

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Dimensions

1.3-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 mm40
40. 004-009-002

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Hairs

glandular-puberulent41
41. 004-009-003

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape

subulate42
42. 004-009-001

<<Inflorescences>Dichasia>Flower number

1-flowered43
43. 004-008-001

<<Inflorescences>Dichasia>Flower number per axil

144
44. 004-008-002

<<Inflorescences>Inflorescence bracts>Dimensions

2-21 x 0.3-1.5 mm45
45. 004-006-002

<<Inflorescences>Inflorescence bracts>Shape

lance-subulate to subulate46
46. 004-006-001

<<Inflorescences>Inflorescence branches>Hairs

glandular puberulent47
47. 004-007-001

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Hairs

pubescent like young stems48
48. 004-004-002

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Length

to 5 cm long49
49. 004-004-001

<<Inflorescences>Rachises>Hairs

glandular pubescent50
50. 004-005-001

<<Juvenile stems>Hairs>Row number

151
51. 002-002-001

<<Petiole>Blade>Base

base , ,52
52. 003-002-002

<<Petiole>Blade>Margins

margin .53
53. 003-002-003

<<Petiole>Blade>Shape

ovate to lanceolate , acuminate to acuminate-attenuate at apex54
54. 003-002-001

<Capsules>Body

body , ;55
55. 006-004

<Capsules>Hairs

pubescent56
56. 006-002

<Capsules>Length

5.5-9 mm long57
57. 006-001

<Capsules>Seeds

seeds , , , surface and margin covered with prominent knoblike tubercles.58
58. 006-005

<Capsules>Stipes

stipe ,59
59. 006-003

<Flowers>Calyx

calyx , , lobes , equal, , ;60
60. 005-001

<Flowers>Corolla

corolla , , ,61
61. 005-002

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens ,62
62. 005-003

<Flowers>Style

style , ,63
63. 005-004

<Habit>Growth form

Erect to spreading to decumbent64
64. 001-001

<Habit>Height

to 50 cm tall65
65. 001-002

<Inflorescences>Bracteoles

bracteoles similar to bracts but smaller.66
66. 004-010

<Inflorescences>Bracts

bracts opposite, , , ;67
67. 004-009

<Inflorescences>Dichasia

dichasia alternate or opposite, , per axil, sessile;68
68. 004-008

<Inflorescences>Dimensions

5-16 x 6 cm69
69. 004-002

<Inflorescences>Inflorescence bracts

inflorescence bracts often subfoliose, , ;70
70. 004-006

<Inflorescences>Inflorescence branches

inflorescence branches alternate or opposite, rachises of spikes ;71
71. 004-007

<Inflorescences>Inflorescence number per axil

172
72. 004-003

<Inflorescences>Peduncle

peduncle , ;73
73. 004-004

<Inflorescences>Position

terminal (sometimes also axillary in distalmost pair of leaves)74
74. 004-001

<Inflorescences>Rachises

rachis ;75
75. 004-005

<Juvenile stems>Hairs

pubescent in row76
76. 002-002

<Juvenile stems>Shape

subquadrate to subhexagonal77
77. 002-001

<Petiole>Blade

blade ,78
78. 003-002

<Petiole>Length

to 15 mm long79
79. 003-001

Capsules

Capsule , ,80
80. 006

Description

Erect to spreading to decumbent, perennial herb, to 50 cm tall. Young stem subquadrate to subhexagonal, pubescent in 1 row. Petiole to 15 mm long; blade ovate to lanceolate 4-12 x 0.5-2.5 cm, acuminate to acuminate-attenuate at apex, base acute, glabrous on both surfaces or primary vein pubescent, margin entire to subsinuate. Inflorescence a terminal (sometimes also axillary in distalmost pair of leaves) pedunculate panicle of dichasiate spikes, panicle 5-16 x 6 cm, axillary panicles alternate, 1 per axil; peduncle to 5 cm long, pubescent like young stems; rachis glandular pubescent; inflorescence bracts often subfoliose, lance-subulate to subulate, 2-21 x 0.3-1.5 mm; inflorescence branches alternate or opposite, rachises of spikes glandular puberulent; dichasia alternate or opposite, 1-flowered, 1 per axil, sessile; bracts opposite, subulate, 1.3-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 mm, glandular-puberulent; bracteoles similar to bracts but smaller. Flowers sessile to subsessile; calyx 2-3.5 mm long, glandular-puberulent, 4 lobes subulate, equal, 1.5-3 x 0.3-0.5 mm, posterior 5th lobe 0.6-1.5 x 0.2 mm; corolla white to rose-pink with white and/or maroon markings on lower lip, 7.5-10 mm long, pubescent, tube ± expanded distally, 3.5-5.7 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm in diam. near midpoint, upper lip 2.5-4 mm long, entire, lower lip 3-4.5 mm long, lobes 0.8-1.5 x 1-2.5 mm; stamens exserted ca. 1-1.5 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube, anther thecae 0.6-0.9 mm long, unequal, subparallel to parallel, equally to subequally inserted, separated by a ± broad connective, lacking basal appendages (although sometimes ± apiculate at base); style 4.5-7 mm long, sparsely pubescent, stigma linear, 0.3-0.5 mm long, lobes not evident. Capsule 5.5-9 mm long, pubescent, stipe 2-3.5 mm long, body subellipsoid with medial constriction, 3.5-5.5 mm long; seeds 4, lenticular, 1.2-1.8 x 1.2-1.5 mm, surface and margin covered with prominent knoblike tubercles.

Distribution

Guianas present, S Mexico present, Southern America: Paraguay (Paraguay present)
Ranging from S Mexico, the West Indies southward to Paraguay; 258 collections studied of which 23 from the Guianas (GU: 10; SU: 7; FG: 6).

Flowers

Flowers sessile to subsessile;81
81. 005

Habit

, perennial herb, .82
82. 001

Individuals Association

Guyana, Upper Mazaruni R., Tillett & Tillett 45435 confluence of Litany-Waamahpan Cr., de Granville 12573 Oiapoque R., Irwin et al. 47955 Guyana, Rupununi Distr., Jansen-Jacobs et al. 3146 Suriname, Fleuve Maroni, Providence, Sastre & Bell 8178 Suriname, Tumuc Humac Mts., Talouakem, Acevedo-Rdgz. 5960

Inflorescences

Inflorescence a pedunculate panicle of dichasiate spikes, panicle , axillary panicles alternate, per axil;83
83. 004

Juvenile stems

Young stem , .84
84. 002

Petiole

Petiole ;85
85. 003

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting .

Uses

Reported to have numerous medicinal, hallucinogenic and economic uses throughout its wide range. The sweetly fragrant dried leaves are pulverized by some South American Indians and are added to their Virola-based hallucinogenic snuff. It is suspected that it is employed as a flavoring rather than a hallucinogenic agent.