Justicia betonica

<<<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes>Shape>Dimensions

4.5-5 x 1-1.2 mm1

1. 005-001-003-001-001

<<<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes>Shape>Hairs

densely pubescent with both glandular and eglandular trichomes2

2. 005-001-003-001-002

<<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip>Lobes>Dimensions

4-5 x 2.5-4 mm3

3. 005-002-006-003-001

<<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Lobes>Length

0.75-1 mm long4

4. 005-002-005-005-001

<<<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae>Upper thecae>Length

0.5-0.75 mm long5

5. 005-003-002-001-001

<<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins>Hairs>Shape

apically acute, obtuse or rounded at base, often obliquely so6

6. 004-006-004-002-001

<<<Capsules>Body>Shape>Length

8-9 mm long7

7. 006-003-001-001

<<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes>Shape

linear-lanceolate, , , carinate8

8. 005-001-003-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes>Shape

narrowly ovate and apically rounded to truncate9

9. 005-002-007-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip>Growth form

spreading10

10. 005-002-006-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip>Length

5-7 mm long11

11. 005-002-006-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip>Lobes

lobes ,12

12. 005-002-006-003

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube>Diameter

2-4 mm in diam.13

13. 005-002-004-002

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube>Length

7-9 mm long14

14. 005-002-004-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Growth form

erect15

15. 005-002-005-001

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Length

4-7 mm long16

16. 005-002-005-003

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Lobe number

2-lobed17

17. 005-002-005-004

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Lobes

lobes ,18

18. 005-002-005-005

<<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip>Shape

narrowly ovate19

19. 005-002-005-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae>Basal thecae

basal theca appendaged20

20. 005-003-002-002

<<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae>Upper thecae

upper theca attached to connective,21

21. 005-003-002-001

<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins>Hairs

ciliolate, , both surfaces glabrous or nearly so22

22. 004-006-004-002

<<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins>Margin type

entire23

23. 004-006-004-001

<<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Tip>Hairs

puberulous24

24. 004-004-002-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Margins>Hairs

glabrous25

25. 003-002-003-003

<<<Petiole>Blade>Margins>Margin type

entire26

26. 003-002-003-001

<<<Petiole>Blade>Margins>Shape

acute to short-acuminate at apex, shortly attenuate at base27

27. 003-002-003-002

<<Capsules>Body>Shape

ovoid to subspheric to ellipsoid-obovoid, , often with a slight medial constriction28

28. 006-003-001

<<Capsules>Seeds>Colour

brown29

29. 006-004-004

<<Capsules>Seeds>Dimensions

2-2.5 x 2-3 x 1.5-2 mm30

30. 006-004-003

<<Capsules>Seeds>Hairs

glabrous31

31. 006-004-005

<<Capsules>Seeds>Seed number

432

32. 006-004-001

<<Capsules>Seeds>Shape

subspheric33

33. 006-004-002

<<Capsules>Seeds>Texture

densely rugose when dry, smooth when fully ripened34

34. 006-004-006

<<Capsules>Stipes>Length

5-6 mm long35

35. 006-002-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Length

5-5.5 mm long36

36. 005-001-002

<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobe number

5-lobed37

37. 005-001-001

<<Flowers>Calyx>Lobes

lobes equal, ;38

38. 005-001-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Colour

white-rose spotted to lavender-pink39

39. 005-002-001

<<Flowers>Corolla>Hairs

pubescent without40

40. 005-002-003

<<Flowers>Corolla>Length

11-16 mm long41

41. 005-002-002

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lobes

all ;42

42. 005-002-007

<<Flowers>Corolla>Lower lip

lower lip , ,43

43. 005-002-006

<<Flowers>Corolla>Tube

tube , ,44

44. 005-002-004

<<Flowers>Corolla>Upper lip

upper lip , , , ,45

45. 005-002-005

<<Flowers>Stamens>Relative distance

exserted 4-5 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube46

46. 005-003-001

<<Flowers>Stamens>Thecae

anther thecae subequal, subparallel, unequally inserted, , ;47

47. 005-003-002

<<Flowers>Style>Hairs

proximally pubescent48

48. 005-004-002

<<Flowers>Style>Length

10-11 mm long49

49. 005-004-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracteoles>Dimensions

0.8-12 x 4.5-5 mm50

50. 004-007-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Colour

white with green venation51

51. 004-006-001

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Dimensions

10-15 x 8 mm52

52. 004-006-003

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Margins

margin , ;53

53. 004-006-004

<<Inflorescences>Bracts>Shape

ovate-lanceolate54

54. 004-006-002

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Length

1.5-2 cm long55

55. 004-004-001

<<Inflorescences>Peduncle>Tip

tip56

56. 004-004-002

<<Inflorescences>Rachises>Hairs

densely puberulous57

57. 004-005-001

<<Petiole>Blade>Dimensions

7.5-13 x 4.5-6 cm (the lowermost sometimes much larger)58

58. 003-002-002

<<Petiole>Blade>Margins

margin , , both surfaces punctate not lineolate, ;59

59. 003-002-003

<<Petiole>Blade>Shape

ovate to lanceolate60

60. 003-002-001

<<Petiole>Primary and secondary veins>Secondary vein pair number

ca. 6 pairs61

61. 003-003-001

<Capsules>Body

body ;62

62. 006-003

<Capsules>Dimensions

14-16 x 4-5 x 3-5 mm63

63. 006-001

<Capsules>Seeds

seeds , , , , , .64

64. 006-004

<Capsules>Stipes

stipe ,65

65. 006-002

<Flowers>Calyx

calyx , ,66

66. 005-001

<Flowers>Corolla

corolla , , ,67

67. 005-002

<Flowers>Stamens

stamens ,68

68. 005-003

<Flowers>Style

style , , minutely bilobed.69

69. 005-004

<Habit>Height

to 1 m tall70

70. 001-001

<Inflorescences>Bracteoles

bracteoles , similar to bracts.71

71. 004-007

<Inflorescences>Bracts

bracts imbricate, , , ,72

72. 004-006

<Inflorescences>Dimensions

4.5-5 x 1.5-2 cm73

73. 004-002

<Inflorescences>Flower number per node

flowers 1 per node;74

74. 004-003

<Inflorescences>Peduncle

peduncle , ;75

75. 004-004

<Inflorescences>Position

terminal and often axillary76

76. 004-001

<Inflorescences>Rachises

rachis ;77

77. 004-005

<Juvenile stems>Growth form

erect78

78. 002-001

<Juvenile stems>Hairs

glabrous, tips minutely pubescent79

79. 002-003

<Juvenile stems>Shape

subquadrate to terete80

80. 002-002

<Petiole>Blade

blade , ,81

81. 003-002

<Petiole>Length

0.8-6 cm long82

82. 003-001

<Petiole>Primary and secondary veins

primary vein and secondary veins () prominent below.83

83. 003-003

Capsules

Capsule ,84

84. 006

Description

Herbaceous or clumping herb to 1 m tall. Young stem erect, subquadrate to terete, sparingly branched, glabrous, tips minutely pubescent. Petiole 0.8-6 cm long; blade ovate to lanceolate, 7.5-13 x 4.5-6 cm (the lowermost sometimes much larger), margin entire, acute to short-acuminate at apex, shortly attenuate at base, both surfaces punctate not lineolate, glabrous; primary vein and secondary veins (ca. 6 pairs) prominent below. Inflorescence terminal and often axillary spikes of 4.5-5 x 1.5-2 cm, flowers 1 per node; peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, tip puberulous; rachis densely puberulous; bracts imbricate, white with green venation, ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 x 8 mm, margin entire, ciliolate, apically acute, obtuse or rounded at base, often obliquely so, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so; bracteoles 0.8-12 x 4.5-5 mm, similar to bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile; calyx 5-lobed, 5-5.5 mm long, lobes equal, linear-lanceolate, 4.5-5 x 1-1.2 mm, densely pubescent with both glandular and eglandular trichomes, carinate; corolla white-rose spotted to lavender-pink, 11-16 mm long, pubescent without, tube 7-9 mm long, 2-4 mm in diam., upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, 4-7 mm long, 2-lobed, lobes 0.75-1 mm long, lower lip spreading, 5-7 mm long, lobes 4-5 x 2.5-4 mm, all narrowly ovate and apically rounded to truncate; stamens exserted 4-5 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube, anther thecae subequal, subparallel, unequally inserted, upper theca attached to connective, 0.5-0.75 mm long, basal theca appendaged; style 10-11 mm long, proximally pubescent, minutely bilobed. Capsule 14-16 x 4-5 x 3-5 mm, stipe 5-6 mm long, body ovoid to subspheric to ellipsoid-obovoid, 8-9 mm long, often with a slight medial constriction; seeds 4, subspheric, 2-2.5 x 2-3 x 1.5-2 mm, brown, glabrous, densely rugose when dry, smooth when fully ripened.

Distribution

Asia-Tropical: India present, Ceylon present, Guyana cultivated

Common throughout India and Ceylon; cultivated in Guyana (GU: 1; FG: 1).

Flowers

Flowers sessile to subsessile;85

85. 005

Habit

Herbaceous or clumping herb .86

86. 001

Individuals Association

IRD (ex OSTROM) Center, Prévost & Sabatier 4833 Guyana, Demerara-Mahaica Region, agricultural weed, Hahn 4836

Inflorescences

Inflorescence spikes of ,87

87. 004

Juvenile stems

Young stem , , sparingly branched, .88

88. 002

Petiole

Petiole ;89

89. 003

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